| ObjectiveThe health status of 7-12 year-old school-age children in a primary school was investigated.The health behavior characteristics of obese school-age children were analyzed,and the relationship between diet,exercise,and bad lifestyle of school-age children and obesity was analyzed.According to the investigation conclusion,a multi-dimensional action intervention health management plan was designed.Through enhancing the health awareness of obese children,reversing bad dietary behavior,and promoting the implementation of health intervention practice,the goal of disciplinary control of childhood obesity was achieved,which provided reference for school public health management.MethodsIn the first step,using the type of cross-sectional survey,a general survey was conducted on the health status of school-age children in a primary school from September 2021 to January 2022.A total of 93 obese children in the school were identified according to the BMI standard,and the dietary characteristics and bad lifestyle of school-age children were analyzed.In the second step,36 obese children(18 in the intervention group and 18 in the control group)were randomly selected to carry out the action-oriented multi-dimensional health intervention from the aspects of diet,sports,psychology,learning,environment and lifestyle.The SPSS25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Descriptive analysis was used for statistical analysis of basic data of children and quantitative data of non-normal distribution was described by M(P25,P75),multiple groups of rank sum test,variance analysis and paired t test were used for quantitative data analysis between groups,with P<0.05 as the difference with statistical significance.Results1.The cross-sectional survey found that in terms of dietary choices,the obesity detection rate in this survey was 10.01%,which was significantly higher than the national level.The economic level greatly affected the residents’ diet.The obesity rate of boys is significantly higher than that of girls.The food intake characteristics of obese children were drinking more and eating more,the choice of five cereals and roots food was significantly more than that of the normal group(P<0.05),and the intake of fruits and vegetables was not significantly different from that of normal children(P>0.05).The proportion of obese children who ate more than 4 servings of fish,poultry,eggs and beans per day was 10.75%,which was significantly different from that of normal children(P>0.05).The daily intake of milk food by students without body size was not significant(P>0.05);the daily intake of water in obese group was 9.68%for those with more than 4 servings,and water supplement mainly depended on sweet drinks.The frequency of eating fried food,cakes,fruit and vegetable drinks and carbonated drinks in obese children was significantly higher than that in other groups(P>0.05).57.37%of the children who participated in the survey kept snacks at home,and the habit of eating snacks before going to bed in obese children was significantly different from that in other groups(P<0.05).In terms of exercise amount,the weekly strenuous exercise time and daily moderate intensity exercise time in obese group were significantly less than those in normal weight group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in mild exercise time such as daily moderate exercise time and daily walking time among children of different body types(P>0.05).Obese children have bias in judging their personal body type,37.63%of them think that their body type is medium,and obesity is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.The incidence of self-distrust,social anxiety and self-distrust combined with anxiety in obese children is higher than that in normal weight children.88.17%of children and families in obesity group indicated that they paid attention to weight management,which was significantly different from other groups(P<0.001),Obese children’s cognition of nutrition knowledge is slightly lower than that of other children.There was significant difference between obesity group and normal weight group(P<0.001);Compared with normal weight group,the confidence of using electronic products without overtime and the confidence of ordering takeout in obesity group were significantly different(P<0.05).2.Health education effectively reversed the unhealthy attitude of children and parents,scientifically controlled the weight of obese children with dietary adjustment and sports training,and effectively enhanced students’ self-efficacy and self-confidence.School-led multi-dimensional intervention at home and school should first improve parents’ awareness of health knowledge,so as to guide children to consciously prevent and control obesity more effectively.During the intervention period,the average height of the intervention group increased by 2.677 cm,while that of the control group only increased by 1.411 cm.The body weight of the intervention group decreased by 1.022 kg,while that of the control group increased by 2.356 kg.BMI of intervention group decreased by 0.74 kg/m2,while that of control group increased by 0.676 kg/m2.In the intervention group,height increased,weight decreased and BMI decreased,which proved that the multi-dimensional intervention measures combined with home and school were scientific and appropriate.The body components of TBW,BFM and PBF in the intervention group were significantly decreased before and after intervention(P<0.05),while FFM and SMM were significantly higher than the average before intervention(P<0.05).It shows that home-school joint intervention can effectively manage childhood obesity and help obese children improve their body composition,but obese children have low Growth Score,so they need to keep exercising and continue to optimize their body composition.Conclusion1.Among the 929 students in this study,the obesity detection rate is 10.01%,which is higher than the obesity rate of children and adolescents in China(7.9%),and the obesity rate of males is higher than that of females.The obese school-age children were characterized by more drinking and more eating,and the obese children preferred high animal food and high calorie food.Children in obesity group like fried food,cakes,fruit and vegetable drinks and carbonated drinks,especially snacks before going to bed;Lack of active physical exercise is a risk factor of obesity,which will affect children’s positive psychology and self-confidence.The unhealthy lifestyle of loving drinks,using electronic products at high frequency and taking out/fast food frequently is the risk factor of obesity,and the Internet leads to the phenomenon of "screen dependence" among children and adolescents.2.Health education is an effective way to promote health cognition.Children in intervention group can actively participate in health management activities.Home-school joint multidimensional intervention is an effective means to promote children’s weight control.Home-school joint intervention first improves parents’ awareness of health knowledge,which can more effectively guide children to consciously prevent and control obesity.During the period of health management,obese children in the intervention group had good weight loss effect,obese children increased in height,weight and BMI decreased,obese children gradually improved in the process of action intervention,BMI,TBW and BFM decreased compared with those before intervention,PBF could be effectively reduced through health intervention,FFM and SMM increased compared with those before intervention,and health intervention achieved the effect of reducing fat and increasing muscle. |
