| Zinc(Zn),copper(Cu),and manganese(Mn)are essential nutrients in poultry nutrition,and play an important role in the reproduction of broiler breeder hens.The trace minerals level in the feedstuffs can affect the responses of supplemental Zn-Cu-Mn,and the relative bioavailabilities of Zn-Cu-Mn from methionine hydroxy analogue chelates(HMA)are higher than that from inorganic sulfates.However,the suitable supplemental level of Zn-Cu-Mn remains unclear.Thus,the objectives of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Zn-Cu-Mn from HMA on the reproductivity of broiler breeder hens and the growth of their progeny.Trail 1:the determination of trace minerals contents in different feedstuffs for the broiler breeder hensA total of 13 kinds of feedstuffs from different regions or feed mills,353 samples,were collected including cereals(corn,wheat,brown rice),cereal by-products(wheat bran,corn distillers’dried grain with solubles(DDGS),corn germ meal,corn gluten meal),plant protein feed(soybean meal,rapeseed meal,cottonseed meal)and major mineral supplements(limestone,monocalcium phosphate,dicalcium phosphate).The concentrations of iron(Fe),Zn,Cu,and Zn in these feedstuffs were determine using the atomic absorption spectrometer.In all 13 kinds of ingredients,the average Zn content ranged from 14.42 to 177.0 mg/kg,the zinc content of wheat in cereal raw materials was the highest(74.17 mg/kg),the zinc content of bran in cereal by-products was the highest(72.46 mg/kg),the zinc content of cottonseed meal in plant protein feed was the highest(78.72 mg/kg),and the zinc content of calcium hydrogen phosphate in mineral feed was the highest(177.0 mg/kg);the average Mn content ranged from 12.23 to 523.5 mg/kg,the content of manganese in brown rice was the highest(116.8 mg/kg),the content of manganese in bran was the highest(213.7 mg/kg),the content of manganese in rapeseed meal was the highest(70.98 mg/kg),and the content of manganese in calcium dihydrogen phosphate was the highest(523.5 mg/kg);the average Cu content ranged from 6.55 to 45.51mg/kg,the copper content of wheat in cereal raw materials was the highest(13.64 mg/kg),the copper content of bran in cereal by-products was the highest(17.26 mg/kg),the copper content of soybean meal in plant protein feed was the highest(23.37 mg/kg),and the copper content of limestone in mineral feed was the highest(45.51 mg/kg);the average Fe content ranged from 62.3 to 2283 mg/kg,the iron content of brown rice was the highest(154.7 mg/kg)in cereal raw materials;the iron content of corn DDGS in cereal by-products was the highest(411.4 mg/kg);the iron content of cottonseed meal in plant protein feed was the highest(289.8 mg/kg);and the iron content of calcium hydrogen phosphate in mineral feed was the highest(2283 mg/kg).According to the average content of Cu,Fe,Zn and Mn in the feedstuffs,the contents of Cu,Fe,Zn and Mn were calculated in the typical corn-soybean meal basal diet for the broiler breeder hens in China.The concentration of Fe(211.2 mg/kg)and Cu(12.9 mg/kg)met the recommended nutrient requirements,while the concentration of Zn(26.04 mg/kg)and Mn(33.18 mg/kg)could provide 25%of the recommended nutrient requirements by NRC(1994)and Chinese broiler feeding standard(NY/T 33-2004)for broiler breeder hens.Trail 2:Study on the suitable supplemental level of Zn-Cu-Mn from HMA in corn-soybean meal basal diet for broiler breedersA total of 640 50-wk-old Cobb broiler breeder hens were randomly divided into 5treatments with 8 replicates of 16 broiler breeders per replicate.The 5 dietary treatments included the corn-soybean meal basal diet without Zn-Cu-Mn supplementation(CON),the CON diet supplemented with 110-10-120 mg/kg Zn-Cu-Mn from mineral sulfates(ITM100),or the 110-10-120 mg/kg Zn-Cu-Mn(OTM100),55-5-60 mg/kg Zn-Cu-Mn(OTM50),or 27.5-2.5-30 mg/kg from HMA(OTM25).The dietary Zn-Cu-Mn levels in the CON group were 78.17-8.86-85.49 mg/kg,respectively.The broiler breeder hens were restrainedly fed different treatment diets according the laying production for 12 wk.All hens were artificially inseminated every 3 to 4 days and the semen were collected from untreated broiler breeder roosters.The 4 eggs per replicate were collected at wk 8 and 12for the egg quality analyses.All eggs were collected in three consecutive days of wk12 for hatching.The 1-d-old progeny broilers in each maternal treatment were randomly allocated into 8 replicates with 10 or 16 birds each(half male and half female).All the progeny were fed the same diet for 28 days(The addition level of Zn-Cu-Mn was 100-8-120 mg/kg).At14 days of age,all progeny broilers were orally inoculated 30 times of recommended dose of coccidia vaccine(3.3×10~4/chicken).The results were in the following.1)Different dietary treatments had no significant effects on egg production rate,settable eggs rate,egg weight,feed:egg mass ratio,broken egg rate and soft egg rate(P>0.05)during wks 1-4and 5-8.At wks 9-12,the OTM50 and OTM100 treatments had a tendency to increase the egg production rate,settable egg rate,and egg mass,and to decrease the feed:egg mass ratio(P<0.10)compared with ITM100 group.2)At wk 12,all OTM treatments significantly increased the eggshell breaking strength(P<0.05)compared with CON,and the OTM25 and OTMC50 significantly increased eggshell weight(P<0.05),and OTM25significantly increased eggshell thickness(P<0.05)compared with CON and ITM treatments.3)The OTM50 and OTM100 treatments had a tendency to increase the fertility and hatching rate of eggs(P<0.1),and the OTM25 and OTM50 treatments significantly increased the first-grade chick rate(P<0.05)compared with the CON and ITM100treatments.4)The OTM25,OTM50 and ITM100 treatments significantly increased the liver Cu content of broiler breeders(P>0.10),the OTM50 treatment tended to increase the tibia Zn content(P<0.10),and the OTM50,OTM100 and ITM100 treatments increased pancreas Zn content(P<0.05)as compared to the CON group.All trace minerals added treatments significantly increased the Mn content in egg yolk and liver(P<0.05)compared with the CON group,and the Mn concentration was higher in the OTM100group than in other groups(P<0.05).6)Maternal mineral treatments had no significant effect on the body weight gain and feed intake of progeny broilers during d1-21 and 22-28.Maternal OTM100 treatment significantly reduced the ratio of feed:gain during 1-10 d,and maternal OTM50 treatment significantly reduced the ratio of feed:gain ratio during d 1-10,11-21 and 1-21(P<0.05)compared with the ITM100 treatment.7)Maternal OTM50treatment significantly increased serum color density(P<0.05)compared with ITM100group.8)Maternal OTM25 and OTM50 treatments increased the concentrations of Ig A and IL-6 in the serum of progeny broilers(P<0.001),and maternal ITM100 decreased the concentrations of Ig A,Ig G,Ig M,and IL-6(P<0.001)compared to maternal CON treatment.9)Compared with ITM100 group,the contents of copper and zinc in tibia of Maternal OTM25 and OTM50 treatments increased(P<0.05)the concentrations of tibia Cu and Zn in the progency,and maternal ITM100 treatment had no significant effect on the concentration of Cu and Zn in tibia and the concentrations of Cu,Zn,and Mn in liver of progeny chicks compared to maternal CON.In conclusion,the OTM25 and OTM50 addition improved the production and reproduction performance of broiler breeder hens in the corn-soybean meal diet,and they also increased the feed efficiency,pigment absorption,and immunity of progeny chicks with coccidia challenge,and these responses of progeny was better in maternal OTM50group than maternal OTM25 group.The suitable supplemental level of Zn-Cu-Mn from HMA was 55-5-60 mg/kg in corn-soybean meal basal diet for Cobb500 broiler breeders at age of 50-62 weeks. |
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