| Xylo-oligosaccharide can improve growth performance and intestinal health of animals,but the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide on reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of offspring weaned piglets need further study.In this study,different concentrations of xylo-oligosaccharide were fed to sows from late gestation to lactation,and weaned piglets were continuously fed to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide on reproductive performance of sows and growth and development of offspring.The experimental contents and results were as follows:Experiment 1.Effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation in late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance of sowsSixty gestational first-born sows with similar backfat were randomly divided into three groups according to the similar backfat principle:control group,0.05%xylooligosl group and 0.1%xylooligos2 group.There were 20 replicates in each group and 1 pig in each replicate.The experiment lasted from 90 d gestation to weaning.The results were as follows:(1)Reproductive performance of sows:Compared with the control group,0.05%xylooligosaccharide group had a tendency to reduce back fat loss from 90 days of gestation to weaning of sows(P<0.1),0.05%xylooligosaccharide group and 0.1%xylooligosaccharide group significantly decreased fecal score of sows at delivery(P<0.01);Compared with the control group,the weaning weight of 0.05%xylooligosaccharide piglets was increased by 6.2%(P>0.05)(2)Milk composition:Compared with the control group,the protein,true protein,dry matter and non-fat solid in normal milk of 0.05%xylooligosaccharides group had a tendency to increase(P<0.1),the protein content in constant milk of sows of 0.1%xylooligosaccharides group significantly increased(P<0.05),and the true protein,dry matter and non-fat solid had a tendency to increase(P<0.1).The contents of 3 ’SL,6’ SL,LNnT and total oligosaccharides in colostrum increased by 54%,21%,21 and 52%,respectively,by 0.05%xylo-oligosaccharides(P>0.05).(3)Serum biochemistry:Compared with the control group,the contents of alkaline phosphatase and total protein in serum of sows at weaning were significantly decreased in 0.05%xylooligosaccharide group,and the contents of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,IgM and total protein in serum of sows at weaning were significantly decreased in 0.1%xylooligosaccharide group(P<0.05).(4)Volatile fatty acids:Compared with the control group,the fecal isobutyric acid content of sows at weaning was significantly increased in 0.1%xylooligosaccharide group(P<0.05).(5)Gut microbiota:Compared to the control group,The 0.05%xylo-oligosaccharide group significantly increased Bacteroides,Muribaculaceae,UCG-005,UCG-010,Monoglobus,Lachnospiraceae,Phascolarctobacterium and Sphaerochaeta in sows at delivery The relative abundance of flat bacterium xylanophilum increased and decreased the relative abundance of Eubacterium xylanophilum at weaning(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Dorea and Lachnospiraceae in 0.1%xylo-oligosaccharide group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Trial 2.Comparative study on the effects of dietary Xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on Weaned pigletsIn this experiment,50 weaned piglets were selected from each of the three treatment groups of sows in experiment 1,and the 50 weaned piglets were evenly divided into two groups again according to the principle of average weight:control group and xylooligosaccharides additive group.The experiment adopted a 3*2 factor experimental design with a total of 6 treatment groups.That is,sow control group+weaning piglets control group(CON),sow control group+weaning piglets 250g/t xylo-oligosaccharide group(CON-M),sow 0.05%xylo-oligosaccharide group+weaning piglets 250g/t xylo-oligoside group(XOS1-M),sow 0.1%low Xylose group+weaning piglets control group(XOS2),sow 0.1%xylo-oligosaccharide group+weaning piglets 250g/t xylo-oligosaccharide group(XOS2M),with 5 replicates per group and 5 pigs per replicate,the experiment lasted from 28 days of weaning age to 56 days of age.The results are as follows:(1)Growth performance:Compared with sow control group,maternal 0.05%xylo-oligosaccharide group significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain at 15-28 days and 0-28 days(P<0.01);Maternal 0.1%xylo-oligosaccharide group significantly decreased the feed to gain ratio of offspring at 1528 d and 0-28 d after weaning,and there was a significant interaction effect between maternal diet and piglet diet at 0-28 d(P<0.05).Feeding 0.5%xylo-oligosaccharide to mothers tended to increase daily gain and body weight of piglets at 28 days(P<0.01).The maternal 0.1%group significantly decreased the offspring liver index at 28 days after weaning(P<0.05),while the weaned piglets fed xylooligosaccharemia had a tendency to increase liver index(P<0.1).Compared with sow control group,the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase content of piglets at 28 days after weaning was significantly increased in maternal 0.05%group(P<0.05).The content of alanine aminotransferase in serum was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the content of alanine aminotransferase in serum was significantly decreased(P<0.01)in weaned piglets fed xylooligosaccharides.There was significant interaction between maternal diet and piglet diet on 28 days of weaning(P<0.05).(3)Antioxidant capacity:Compared with sow control group,0.1%xylooligosaccharides group significantly increased the serum T-SOD content of offspring at 28 days after weaning(P<0.05).(4)colonic tight junction protein mRNA relative expression:Compared with sow control group,the relative mRNA expression of colonic tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO1 in sow 0.1%xylooligosaccharide group significantly increased 28 days after weaning(P<0.05).(5)Intestinal morphology:The maternal 0.1%group had a tendency to increase the villus height of ileum and decrease the crypt depth of jejunum at 28 days after weaning(P<0.1);Weaned piglets fed xylooligosaccharides tended to decrease the ileal crypt depth and increase the ratio of villus length to crypt depth(P<0.1).(6)Gut microbiota:Compared with sow control group,feeding 0.05%xylooligosaccharide to the mother significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes,Pyramidobacter and Synergistes,and decreased the relative abundance of Anaerostipes at weaning time(P<0.05).The abundance of Campylobacter at 28 days of weaning piglets in Lachnospiraceae,Roseburia,Anaerobibrio and T34 genera was significantly decreased,and that of Christensenellaceae and NK4A214 genera was increased(P<0.05).0.1%xylooligosaccharides significantly increased the relative abundance of dga-11 gut,and decreased the relative abundance of Anaerostipes and Marvinbryantia at weaning(P<0.05).On the other hand,xylooligosaccharides significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinomyces,Blautia,Coprococcus,Collinsella and Lachnoclostridium,while decreased the relative abundance of Clostrium and Monoglobus(P<0.05).In conclusion,maternal feeding with different concentrations of xylose improved back fat loss,fecal morphology,milk composition,fecal volatile fatty acids of sows and gut microbiota.Continuous feeding of xylooligosaccharide has sustained effects on weaned piglets,including increasing the average daily gain of offspring,decreasing the ratio of feed to gain,improving antioxidant capacity,increasing the relative expression of intestinal tight junction protein gene,increasing the content of volatile fatty acids in colon and gut microbiota. |
