| Food-borne poisoning and gastric foreign bodies are common clinical issues in ca ts.Promptly inducing vomiting and efficiently removing gastric contents are crucial fo r effective treatment.For acute food-borne poisoning,inducing vomiting before the po ison enters the small intestine(within 1～2 hours of ingestion)can effectively increase the success rate of treatment;meanwhile,some types of gastric foreign bodies can be expelled by inducing vomiting,which can avoid the risk of anesthesia and organism d amage in surgical procedures.Currently,Dexmedetomidine(DEX)is commonly used as an emetic in cats,but it is administered by intramuscular injection,which requires t he pet owner to bring the pet to the hospital for injection and may miss the best time f or treatment.Other methods of emetic administration,such as the administration of sa turated saline and hydrogen peroxide solution,are prone to complications such as cere bral edema,aspiration pneumonia,and gastric mucosal damage,with poor safety,inco nvenience,and poor patient compliance.For this reason,cats were selected for this tes t and DEX was administered ocularly,nasally,and rectally to investigate the route of a dministration,dosage form,and dose of DEX for effective emetics and its effect on ca t physiology.The objective of the trial is to provide a safe and feasible non-invasive tr eatment option for foodborne poisoning and emetic treatment of foreign bodies in cats that can be quickly disposed of at home by pet owners.Test1: To investigate the route of administration,dosage form and dose of DEX f or effective induction of vomiting in cats;and to screen for regimens that meet the obj ectives of the trial.DEX suppositories,solutions and gels were prepared in the laborat ory;the effectiveness of each of these prescriptions in inducing vomiting in cats via oc ular,nasal and rectal administration was determined using the dose-escalation method.The results showed that DEX suppositories administered rectally,DEX aqueous solut ion administered ocularly and DEX aqueous solution administered nasally were effect ive in inducing vomiting at doses ranging from 14 to 16 μg/kg,10 to 14 μg/kg and 10 to 14μg/kg,respectively.Subsequently,comparing the effects of the highest doses of t he three regimens on basal physiological parameters,sedation levels and veterinary sa tisfaction scores,it was determined that the DEX aqueous eye drop administration reg imen had no harmful effects on heart rate,blood pressure and respiration in cats and w as slightly sedating,while being simple to administer and highly satisfactory.Test2: To determine the emetic effect,safety,and clinical efficacy of DEX eye dr ops.DEX was administered at 0 μg/kg,10 μg/kg,12 μg/kg and 14 μg/kg.and the time of emetic,gastric content elimination rate,ocular irritation,cardiac sound auscultatio n results,ECG monitoring results,serum biochemical parameters,blood routine,bloo d gas analysis results and echocardiogram were observed and recorded for each dose.Voluntary cases were collected within the local hospital to evaluate the clinical applica tion of this regimen.The results showed that there was no significant difference(p > 0.05)in the emetic time and toxic excretion rate of DEX eye drops administered at dose s of 10 μg/kg,12 μg/kg,and 14 μg/kg.No irritation was observed in the eyes of the ca ts at all doses of DEX,and no pathological changes were observed in the corneal tissu e.Serum biochemical,routine and blood gas analyses were not significantly different i n each dose of DEX,(p > 0.05),and were within the normal range.At the dose of 14 μg/kg,delay in the P-R time,decrease in the FS,decrease in the peak aortic and pulmon ary flow velocities were observed in the subject cats.During the study period,11 case s of poisoning and 13 cases of gastric foreign bodies that met the screening criteria we re collected.81.8% of the poisoning cases were successfully induced;84.3% of the ga stric foreign body cases were successfully induced,and72.7% of the cases in which vo miting occurred expelled the foreign body.In all cases,there was no deep sedation,an d the heart rate was within the tolerable range.In summary,administering 10-12μg/kg eye drops of DEX to cats can effectively induce vomiting.This method has several advantages,including short emetic time,si mple operation,definite effect of gastric contents excretion,no harmful effect on circ ulatory and respiratory systems,no significant effect on liver and kidney function,no irritation to the eyes of cats,no significant effect on cardiac function,and low inciden ce of adverse reactions.Overall,this method is suitable for the rescue treatment of tox ic and foreign body ingestion in cats of clinical. |
