| Red imported fire ant(Solenopsis invicta Buren)is a major invasive pest in agriculture and forestry.It causes great economic losses and poses a serious threat to human life and health by feeding on crops,stinging people and animals,destroying electric power facilities and ecological environment.Studies have shown that the red imported fire ant alarm pheromone can cause alarm behavior of their companions,and attract red imported fire ants at certain concentrations,so that the companions quickly rush to the odor source and promote ant feeding.Therefore,by using the above characteristics of the behavior of red fire ants,the enticing effect of alarm pheromone can be combined with the monitoring work of red imported fire ants,so as to achieve the effect of rapid detection of red imported fire ants and effectively guide the prevention and control of red imported fire ants.In this thesis,on the basis of synthetic red fire ant alarm pheromone 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine,the activity of alarm pheromone was measured in laboratory,and related application studies were carried out in the field.The results are as follows:1.The results of electrophysiological tests showed that both the alarm pheromone and the commercial compound could induce strong electrical response in the antennae of red imported fire ant workers.The antennae potential response of red imported fire ant workers to the alarm pheromone and the commercial compound increased with the increase of concentration.At 100 μg/μL,the antennae potential response of red imported fire ant workers induced by alarm pheromones was significantly stronger than that of the commercial compound,and there was no significant difference at 0.001,0.01,0.1,1,20 μg/μL concentrations.There was no significant difference in antennae of soldiers and male and female reproductives to the potential response of the alarm pheromone and the commercial compound at different concentrations.2.The results of olfactory selection behavior test showed that the olfactory selection behavior of red imported fire ant workers to alarm pheromones and the commercial compound was first enhanced and then weakened.At the concentration of 0.1 ng/μL,the alarm pheromone significantly enhanced the olfactory selection behavior of red imported fire ants,and the potentiation was the highest among all concentrations.At the concentration of 5 ng/μL,the commercial compound significantly enhanced the olfactory selection behavior of red imported fire ants,and the potentiation was the highest among all concentrations.The two substances did not enhance or weaken the olfactory selection behavior of soldiers,and had little effect on male and female reproductives.3.The results of laboratory attractant test showed that the attractant effect of red imported fire ant alarm pheromone in the two vectors increased first and then decreased with the increase of concentration,and the higher the concentration,the more obvious the evasive effect.10 ng/μL alarm pheromone dissolved in rubber plug and 100 ng/μL alarm pheromone dissolved in PVC pipe significantly enhanced the attraction of red fire ants.4.The release patterns of red imported fire ant alarm pheromone in the two carriers showed that the release rate of red imported fire ant alarm pheromone in natural rubber plug gradually slowed down with the increase of time,while that in PVC pipe gradually increased with the increase of time at the same dose.5.The field test results showed that the red imported fire ant alarm pheromone significantly enhanced the attractant effect of red imported fire ant at the concentration of 100 ng/μL in natural rubber plug and1000 ng/μL in PVC pipe.The corresponding doses were 1000 ng and 10000 ng,respectively.These two doses correspond to the release rates of red imported fire ant alarm pheromone in the two vectors for 15 min,and the release rates of both are similar,about 25 ng/h,which further confirms the above results,namely,red ant alarm pheromone with a release rate of 25 ng/h can significantly enhance the field induction of red imported fire ants. |
