Study On The Effects Of Different Sources Of Biochar And Fertilizer On Peanut Yield,Quality And Soil Environment

Arachis hypogaea L.,as an important oil crop in China,is one of the high-quality sources of edible oil.The long-term abuse of fertilizers has led to soil acidification and solidification,as well as a continuous decline in soil quality,which has been a key issue restricting peanut yield increase.Biochar,as an emerging porous carbon rich material made from agricultural and forestry biomass materials that undergo anaerobic pyrolysis,has received widespread attention in the field of regulating soil nutrients and achieving sustainable development of agricultural farmland.In order to investigate the impact of biochar on peanut yield,quality,and soil environment during cultivation,and to analyze the potential of biochar as a slow-release fertilizer carrier to achieve weight loss and efficiency enhancement in peanuts,this study selected common biomass peanut shells,rice shells,walnut shells,and bamboo powder as raw materials to prepare biochar.After analyzing the possibility of exogenous nutrient addition and nutrient carriers,the biochar material was prepared,Under fixed total nutrient conditions,a combination of equal nutrient allocation ratio and chemical fertilizer was applied to the "Shanhua 15" peanut cultivation soil.After peanut harvest,the effects of different biochar on peanut yield,agronomic traits,and peanut grain quality,as well as the effects on peanut soil nutrients and soil bacteria,were analyzed to determine the synergistic effect of different types of biochar on peanuts,To provide theoretical basis for the application of biochar as a new cultivation method for peanut in green and efficient production and sustainable development.The main results are as follows:(1)The physical and chemical properties of biochar are influenced by the type of biomass raw materials.Adding biochar to soil gives peanut shell biochar more advantages than the other three types of biochar.Through soil column leaching experiments,compared to not adding biochar,peanut shell biochar reduced the leaching loss of 12.6% soil total nitrogen content,25.9% soil total phosphorus content,and 18.6% total potassium content.Biochar prevents the downward diffusion of soil nutrients by reducing water leaching.Compared to not adding biochar,peanut shell biochar reduces total soil water leaching by 8.9% and increases soil moisture content by 31.2%.(2)Compared to conventional fertilization,adding biochar to the soil instead of applying some fertilizers can improve peanut yield.Among them,the peanut shell biochar fertilizer combination(reducing 8% urea,18.3% superphosphate,and 14.8% potassium chloride)has the best yield increase effect,and the pod yield increases by 33.8%.Peanut yield is influenced by the interaction of main stem height,lateral branch length,and branch number.The addition of biochar promotes nutrient absorption and accumulation in peanut plants(adding peanut shell biochar increases peanut absorption by 22% N,27% P,and 45% K),thereby improving agronomic traits.The main stem height and branch number of peanuts are affected by the nitrogen and potassium content in the aboveground,while the lateral branch length of peanuts is jointly affected by both.In addition,some fatty acid components in peanuts(adding peanut shell biochar increased the oleic acid content of peanut seeds by 22.2% and decreased the palmitic acid content by 24.7%)were also affected by the accumulation of peanut nutrients.Among them,the content of peanut oleic acid and linoleic acid was affected by the potassium content in the peanut shoot,while the content of stearic acid was affected by the nitrogen content in the peanut pod.(3)Compared to not adding biochar,peanut shell biochar significantly increased the content of soil available nitrogen by 12.1%,available potassium by 18.89%,and total phosphorus by 25.7%,but had no significant effect on the content of soil available phosphorus,total nitrogen,and total potassium.Soil biochar regulates the species number,diversity,richness,and evenness of soil bacteria by affecting soil nutrient content.Under different biochar addition treatments,the horizontal community structure of soil bacterial phylum is basically consistent;The abundance of different populations has a strong correlation with total potassium,total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil.Among them,the abundance differences of Firmicutes,Actinomycetes and Proteobacteria generally show a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen and total potassium in the soil,while the abundance differences of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi generally show a significant negative correlation with available phosphorus in the soil.In summary,biochar has the characteristic of water retention,and the application of chemical fertilizers as a new cultivation method for peanuts has sustainable development significance in reducing fertilizer use and increasing peanut yield.The application of biochar combined with chemical fertilizers can not only promote the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in peanuts,but also improve the quality of peanut oil;It also plays an important role in improving the level of soil fertility and the abundance of soil microbial population to maintain a relatively stable soil environment.Especially peanut shell biochar has certain promotion and application value in peanut production practice.