Effects Of Alfalfa Fermented Feed On Growth Performance,Meat Quality And Intestinal Microbe Of Taoyuan Black Pigs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa fermented feed on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,meat quality,muscle amino acids,fatty acids,muscle fiber properties,serum biochemistry,antioxidant properties,intestinal morphology and intestinal microflora of finishing pigs.One hundred and twenty Taoyuan black pigs with similar body weight and good health condition were randomly divided into 2groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 pigs per replicate.There was no significant difference in average initial body weight among the groups(P>0.05).The control group was fed with basal diet,and the experimental group was fed with 50% basal diet +50% alfalfa fermented feed.The pre-trial period lasted for 7days and the formal period lasted for 42 days.The results are as follows:1.Effects of fermented alfalfa on growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of finishing pigs.Compared with the control group :(1)There were no significant differences in average daily feed intake(ADFI),feed to gain(F/G),initial weight,final weight and average daily gain(ADG)in experimental groups(P<0.05),there were no significant differences in final weight and average daily gain(ADG)(P>0.05).(2)The digestibility of dry matter(DM),gross energy(GE)and crude protein(CP)in experimental group decreased significantly(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(NDF),crude fat(EE),crude fiber(CF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)(P>0.05).2.Effects of fermented alfalfa feed on quality indexes of fattening pork :(1)Experimental group significantly increased the crude protein content in muscle(P<0.05),muscle energy level was significantly increased(P<0.05).(2)The yellowness value of alfalfa fermented feed group decreased significantly at 45 min(P<0.05).(3)There were no significant differences in muscle fiber diameter and density in experimental groups(P>0.05),suggesting that adding50% fermented alfalfa instead of basal diet had no significant effect on muscle fiber properties of finishing pigs.(4)The contents of glutamic acid,alanine,isoleucine,lysine,tyrosine and proline in muscle of experimental group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the contents of total amino acid(TAA),umami amino acid(DAA)and essential amino acid(EAA)in muscle were also significantly increased(P<0.05).(5)The content of saturated fatty acid(SFA)in muscle of finishing pigs in experimental group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)content increased significantly(P<0.05),monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)content was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)significantly increased(P<0.01),n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(N-6 PUFA)content was significantly increased(P<0.01),n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(N-3PUFA)content significantly increased(P<0.01),n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids/N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(N-6PUFA/N-3PUFA)significantly decreased(P<0.01).The contents of cardamic acid,stearic acid,eicosenoic acid,palmitoleic acid and oleic acid decreased significantly(P<0.05),palmitic acid content was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the contents of linoleic acid,α-linolenic acid,γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were significantly increased(P<0.01).3.Effects of fermented alfalfa feed on Serum Biochemical and antioxidant indices of finishing pigs.Compared with the control group : Serum triglyceride content of pigs in experimental group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),alanine pyruvic transaminase content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).(2)Serum MDA content of experimental group decreased significantly(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in serum GSHPx,SOD,GSH and T-AOC contents(P>0.05).4.Effects of fermented alfalfa feed on intestinal morphology and Cecum microflora of finishing pigs.Compared with the control group :(1)the villus height and crypt depth of ileum of experimental pigs were reduced by 11.67%(P<0.05)and 4.57%(P>0.05),and had no significant effect on jejunum crypt depth and villus height.(2)Alfalfa fermented feed had no significant effect on Chao1 index,Simpson index and Shannon index(P>0.05).In addition,alfalfa fermented feed group had different microflora structure.At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Tenericutes and Actinobacteria in the fermented alfalfa feed group increased significantly(P<0.05),the relative abundance of Spirochaetes increased significantly(P<0.01),the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased significantly(P<0.01).At the genus level,the relative abundance of Treponema,Ruminococcus and Prevotella increased significantly(P<0.05).In conclusion,50% alfalfa fermented feed was used in the diet of finishing pigs to replace part of the basic diet,which significantly improved the nutritional levels of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle and meat quality,serum biochemical indices,antioxidant indices and cecum microflora of finishing pigs,and promoted the body health of finishing pigs.