| Forests have various ecosystem services such as carbon fixation and oxygen release,soil conservation,water conservation,and species diversity protection,which play an important supporting role for human survival and development.The Tuquan County of Xing’an League,is located in the transitional zone between forest and grass in northern China,and is a typical"three north"protective forest project area.Protecting the forest ecology in this area is of great significance to the construction of beautiful scenery and regional ecological development in northern China.Based on the forest resource survey data of 2011 and 2016,using relevant literature and public data,and in accordance with the"Forest Ecosystem Service Function Evaluation Specification"（GB/T 38582-2020）,this thesis constructs a forest ecological service function evaluation index system based on 11 indicators,and evaluates the material quality of five aspects:soil conservation,nutrient fixation,water conservation,carbon sequestration and oxygen release,and air purification;By using alternative engineering methods and other methods,the value of forest ecosystem services in Tuquan County in 2011 and 2016 was evaluated and analyzed in order to ascertain the base of its forest ecological benefits and provide theoretical basis for further rational protection,management,and sustainable management of the forest ecosystem.The main research conclusions are as follows:（1）As of 2016,the area of operating forest land in Tuchuan County was 197,349.2hm2and the total area of forested land was 141,605.3 hm2,compared with 2011,the area of operating forest land decreased by 1.13%,but the area of forested land increased by10.03%.The six dominant tree species of Quercus mongolica,Populus,Betula dahurica,Armeniaca sibirica,Caragana korshinskii and Ostryopsis davidiana accounted for 94.7%of the total forest land area in Tuchuan County.（2）The forest ecological service function in Tuquan County was significant,and the total matter mass of forest water conservation was about 1.30×109m3/a in 2016.The total mass of fixed soil was 1.14×108t,and the total mass of fixed nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was 1762×105/a,1400t/a and 3554t/a,respectively.The total mass of carbon fixation and oxygen release were 16.90×105t/a and 42.39×105t/a,respectively.The total mass of SO2and nox were 1.07×105t/a and 0.50×105t/a,respectively.The total value of typical forest ecosystem services in Tuquan County was 46.95×109yuan in 2016,which increased by 9.70×109yuan compared with 2011.The results show that the total value of forest ecological service function in Tuquan County has increased significantly in the past 5 years.Among them,the value of conservation soil is 25.34×109yuan,water conservation value is 13.37×109yuan,carbon fixation and oxygen release value is7.30×109yuan,forest nutrient fixation value is 1.01×109yuan,and air environment purification value is 0.20×109yuan.（3）The main forest species in Tuchuan County are protection forests,and wind and sand control forests account for 85%of the forest area,while soil and water conservation and water connotation account for 53%and 28%of the total value of forest ecological service functions,respectively.In terms of tree species,Populus and Quercus mongolica are the species that make important contributions to the service function of forest ecosystems in the region.In terms of the forest ecosystem service function of each township in Tuzhuan County,the townships with large forest stands show obvious differences in forest ecological service function;among them,Gems Township has the highest,accounting for 33%of the total value of forest ecological service function in the county,in the following order:Gems Township（15.52×109）>Liutou Township（8.84×109）>Xuetian Township（6.92×109）>Yongan Township（3.77×109yuan）>Tuzhuan Township（3.26×109yuan）>Taiping Township（3.13×109yuan）>Shuizhuan Township（2.75×109yuan）>Dulji Township（1.81×109yuan）>Jiulong Township（1.15×109yuan）.（4）The main functions of typical forests in Tuquan County are wind prevention and sand fixing and water and soil conservation,which make important contributions to reduce the damage of wind sand and improve the regional ecological environment.In the process of future management and construction,regional ecological construction should be fully combined.In the aspect of forest sustainable management and carbon sink forest,the construction and management of tree species with high ecological benefits such as carbon fixation and oxygen release,windbreak and sand fixation should be strengthened,and tree species with high ecological and economic value should be deeply explored and developed.More advanced technological means should be introduced to continuously improve the monitoring and fire prevention and control capabilities of forest ecosystems,continuously increase the construction of nature reserves and strengthen management and protection measures,so as to highlight the recreation and biodiversity protection functions of forest ecosystems. |
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