Optimization Mode Of Forage-Livestock Resources In Household Ranch In Desert Steppe

Grassland animal husbandry is the main part and important component of the economic development in the Urad Middle Banner.As the material foundation of animal husbandry,grassland resources have been deteriorating year by year due to long-term unreasonable utilization.In addition,herdsmen have insufficient understanding of the concept of sustainable development of grasslands,leading to ecological crises.Household ranch is the basic production and living unit of animal husbandry.Optimizing the allocation and utilization of grass and livestock resources in family pasture can accelerate the process of building ecological pasture in the local area,promote the economic construction of pastoral areas,and achieve a win-win situation of ecology and economy.This thesis analyzed the household ranch in desert steppe area in Urad Middle Banner,Bayan Nur,Inner Mongolia Autonomous as the research area.Field research was conducted on pastoral households in the study area,obtaining data on livestock,grassland,grassland biomass,etc.The model is used to simulate and analyze the grass and livestock balance,methane emissions,and economy of the household ranch under different stocking rates,in order to understand the overall production and operation situation of the study area.After taking the average of various relevant data,typical household ranch was established which can represent the average level of local production.Propose optimization simulation plans for typical herdsmen,analyze the balance and economic benefits of grass and livestock in different lambing months and different herd structures,and propose adjusted and improved production and management models to achieve grass livestock balance and increase income for herdsmen.The main results are as follows:(1)The most household ranches in the desert steppe area of Urad Middle Banner are overloaded to varying degrees,and the net income of animal husbandry is low.(2)As the stocking rate of the household increases,there is a state of oversupply between the actual energy intake of livestock and the energy required for maintenance.Only at the stocking rates of 0.1 SE/hm~2and 0.33 SE/hm~2,there is surplus energy in the grassland.Methane emissions increase with the increase of stocking rate,while grassland biomass is the opposite.(3)According to the simulation results of the model,adjusting the lambing time of typical household to March and raising all sheep can alleviate the problem of energy imbalance between grass and livestock.At the same time,under two optimization measures,the economic benefits of typical household can be increased to 99,700 yuan and 98,200 yuan,respectively.(4)Under the current resource conditions,the theoretical decision on optimizing grassland and livestock resources in the desert grassland household ranch of Urad Middle Banner is made:it is recommended to maintain a stocking rate of 0.33 SE/hm~2-0.55SE/hm~2,adjust the lambing month to March,and raise all sheep after excluding all wether.