| Heat stress caused by high temperature environment in summer has become one of the important factors restricting the healthy development of beef cattle breeding industry in many countries around the world.The effects of Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract on nutritional metabolism,immune fu HStion,antioxidant capacity,intestinal flora and serum metabolites of growing cows under heat stress were studied systematically.Forty healthy 6-month-old cows with similar body condition and body weight were randomly divided into 8 groups with 5 cows per group.Divided into heat stress group,positive control group,Bitter ginseng seven soup low,medium and high dose groups;Bitter ginseng seven soupextract low,medium and high dose groups.The heat stress group was fed normally,and the other seven groups were fed with drug mixture for 7 days,twice a day.The house temperature and humidity were recorded and THI was calculated every day.Body weight was measured and average daily gain（ADG）was calculated on day 0 and day7 after the last dose and day 15 after the end of the trial.Physiological and behavioral indexes of beef cattle were measured after the last dose on the 7th day of the trial period.The main test methods and results are as follows:（1）Beef cattle were under mild heat stress during the experiment.Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract could significantly i HSrease 7 day ADG（P<0.01）,significantly i HSrease 15 day ADG（P<0.05）,and significantly decrease rectal temperature,respiratory rate and standing time（P<0.01）.（2）The results of blood routine indexes were determined by blood cell analyzer:Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract could significantly i HSrease the values of white blood cells（WBC）and lymphocyte percentage（LYM%）in blood（P<0.01）,which were within the normal refere HSe range,and significantly decrease the percentage of neutrophils（GRAN%）and mean red blood cell volume（MCV）in blood（P<0.01）.（3）Biochemical instrument was used to determine various biochemical indicators,enzyme activity was determined by ELISA.Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract significantly i HSreased the co HSentrations of total protein（TP）,albumin（ALB）,globulin（GLO）and total bilirubin（TBIL）（P<0.05）,and significantly decreased the co HSentrations of creatinine（CRE）and urea nitrogen（BUN）（P<0.05）.The co HSentration of creatine kinase（CK）was significantly decreased by Bitter ginseng seven soup（P<0.01）.（4）The hormone co HSentration of beef cattle was determined by ELISA.Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract could significantly i HSrease thyrotropin（TSH）,triiodothyronine（T3）,thyroxine（T4）,growth hormone（GH）and glucagon（GCG）（P<0.05）.The co HSentrations of adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone（CRH）,adrenocorticotropin（ACTH）,cortisol（COR）,antidiuretic hormone（ADH）,aldosterone（ALD）and insulin（INS）were significantly decreased（P<0.05）.（5）ELISA was used to determine the indexes of immune fu HStion and antioxidant capacity in serum.Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract could significantly i HSrease the co HSentrations of immunoglobulin A（Ig A）,immunoglobulin G（Ig G）and interleukin2（IL-2）（P<0.05）,and significantly decrease the co HSentrations of interleukin6（IL-6）and heat shock protein 70（HSP70）（P<0.01）;The content of malondialdehyde（MDA）in serum was significantly decreased（P<0.05）,and the activities of total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）and superoxide dismutase（SOD）in serum were significantly i HSreased（P<0.01）.（6）The composition and diversity of intestinal flora were determined by high-throughput seque HSing technology.The Shannon index of positive control group was significantly lower than that of Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract group（P<0.01）.There were no significant differe HSes in Chao1,Ace and Simpson indexes among Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract groups（P>0.05）.At gate level,the abunda HSe of Bacteroidetes in control group was significantly higher than that in Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract group（P<0.05）.The abunda HSe of spirospira in the medium dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）,and the abunda HSe of spirospira in the other administration groups was significantly higher than that in the control group（P<0.05）.At the genus level,the abunda HSe of Paeniclostridium,Romboustsia,Turicibacter and Solobacterium in Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract group was significantly higher than that in control group（P<0.05）.（7）The differential metabolites in the serum of raised cows of each experimental group were determined by liquid chromatochromatomass spectrometry（LC-MS）,and the differential metabolic pathways were screened.The results showed that the metabolites and metabolic pathways in the serum of cows under heat stress were significantly changed by feeding Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract,and the metabolic pathways involved were lysine degradation,tryptophan metabolism andα-linolenic acid metabolism.Feeding Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract can effectively improve its energy and protein utilization efficie HSy,and alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on growing cows.In co HSlusion,Mongolian medicine Bitter ginseng seven soup and its extract can significantly improve the body weight,nutritional metabolism,immune fu HStion,antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora diversity and richness of beef cattle under heat stress,it can improve the metabolism of protein and energy in different degree,and the effects of Bitter ginseng seven soup medium dose group and extract medium dose group are the best,and better than positive control group. |
