Research On Ecological Environment Protection Of The Northern Coastal Zone In Jiangsu Province

The ocean,known as the "source of life",occupies about 71% of the Earth’s surface.It is rich in mineral,chemical,biological and power resources,thus making itself a treasure house of energy on which human survival and development depends.The coastal zone connects the ocean and land,and is the most critical area for the development of the marine economy.It promotes the coordinated development of the ocean and land,and is an area where human activities are concentrated.However,with the increasing frequency of development activities in the coastal zone,the ecological and environmental problems have become particularly prominent in this area,and the coastal zone has become a region with severe environmental pollution in China.Therefore,to restore and protect the ecological environment of coastal areas is of great urgency.This thesis uses the research method of land-use change and combines it with government policies of different periods to clearly identify the root causes of environmental protection problems in the northern coastal zone of Jiangsu Province.Based on this,suggestions are proposed to improve policies on coastal ecological environment protection.The ecological environment in the northern coastal zone of Jiangsu Province was studied through the land-use change research method.It was found that the ecological environment protection in the northern coastal zone of Jiangsu Province suffers from poor water resources management,insufficient mudflat protection,and low ecological diversity index,etc.The main reasons were the unordered discharge of sewage and the imperfect sewage treatment system,the massive development of mudflat resources,and reclamation of land.In response to these issues,this thesis proposes suggestions for upgrading industrial and agricultural real estate industries,protecting coastal wetland resources,and strengthening control over land reclamation activities.Jiangsu Province is located on the eastern coast of China.Nationally,the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province run through the north and south,adjacent to the economically developed Bohai Economic Circle in the north,and face the central city of China’s Yangtze River Delta city cluster,Shanghai,across the coast in the south.It enjoys excellent geographical conditions and irreplaceable strategic position.In order to fully implement the development strategy of Jiangsu coastal areas,it is very important to develop and manage the coastal mudflat,an important part of the coastal zone.The northern coastal zone of Jiangsu Province has a relatively developed agricultural economy,and is developing its industrial system through recent years’ exploitation and construction.However,with the rapid development of the economy in the northern region of Jiangsu Province,the environmental pollution in the costal zone has become increasingly serious.In 2020,the Department of Ecology and Environment of Jiangsu Province conducted a test on the seawater quality of the shallow beaches in northern Jiangsu Province in accordance with relevant regulations,and found that Class I,II,III,IV,and inferior Class IV took up 18.5%,37.0%,11.1%,18.5%,and 14.8% of all seawater measurement points.Compared with 2019,the proportion of Class I and II decreased by 26.7%,while the proportion of inferior Class IV increased by 11.2%.The declining water quality indicates pollution of ecological environment in the northern coastal zone of Jiangsu Province.The research has found that the mudflat area has barely changed from 2006 to 2011,but experienced a sharp decrease by 739 square kilometers,57.3% of the total from 2011 to 2020,the largest loss among many types of land use.A longitudinal comparison between the two periods shows that the mudflat area is shrinking at an increasing rate of speed,and the dynamic degree of land use has changed from-3.36% between 2011 and 2016 to-9.76% between 2016 and 2020.Building land is the only type of land that continues to increase,with a cumulative increase of 478.8 square kilometers,and a highest growing rate of 260.8%.It mainly came from cultivated land,mudflat and waters.The study found three major problems in the ecological environment protection in the northern coastal zone of Jiangsu Province: first,the declined effect of water resources management;second,insufficient mudflat protection;third,low biodiversity index.The main causes are: sewage discharge and the imperfect sewage treatment system,over-exploitation of mudflat resources,and deteriorated ecological environment quality due to land reclamation.Suggestions are offered from three aspects: first,transformation and upgrading of industry and agriculture;second,protection of the wetland and mudflat resources in the coastal zone;third,strengthened regulation and management over land reclamation.