| With the development of our potato industry,annual production and planting area of potato have increased year by year,it is necessary to carry out trucking operations in the producing area to complete the storage and transportation of potatoes to ensure good quality.If manual loading and unloading is labor-intensive and takes a long period,it can cause potatoes to miss the optimal storage time.However,the low mechanization and automation degree,low efficiency and high damage rate during operation in the producing area greatly affected the storage and transportation of potatoes.To reduce losses during loading operations,a potato storage and transportation system with high efficiency and low loss was designed and developed.The specific research contents are as follows:(1)Based on the current research situation at home and abroad,the development status of the potato industry in China was described,and the impact characteristics of potatoes under different operating parameters such as conveying structure,conveying speed,material drop,and loading thickness were analyzed,providing a theoretical basis for reducing damage during loading.The loading equipment and loading structures in potato producing areas at home and abroad were summarized in terms of efficiency and low loss,structural form,automation According to the actual work situation,a structural form of a three-level folding lifting mechanism combined with a flexible buffer conveying device is proposed through relevant research on intelligence and other aspects.(2)In order to better carry out the loading operation,the overall design scheme of potato storage and transportation system in producing area with high efficiency and low loss was developed,the structure design of key components was carried out,and the relevant parameters were defined.The transportation process of potatoes was analyzed through the analysis method of kinematics and mechanics,and the key factors affecting potato damage were determined.The automatic control system based on PLC was developed,in order to further improve the adaptability,stability and degree of automation of the machine which elaborated the control principle through reasonable logic.After processing the monitoring information of the detection module,the main controller sent out instructions to control the solenoid valve,and then completed each execution action through the hydraulic system to realize the automatic adjustment of the loading system position,height and potato transmission.(3)In order to determine the influence law of potato damage,the single-factor tests on potato conveying height,conveying speed and feeding amount were carried out respectively.On the basis of single-factor tests,three-factor and three-level response surface test were conducted with potato damage rate and collision speed as evaluation indexes.The test results were analyzed by Design-Expert software.The influence rule of each factor on the test index was expounded through variance and response surface analysis.Finally,the test parameters were optimized using the optimization module of Design-Expert software to obtain the optimal parameter combination: When the conveying height was 34 cm,the conveying speed was 0.95 m/s and the feeding amount was 45 t/h,the maximum collision acceleration of the machine was 62.2 g,and the rate of potato injury was 1.13%.(4)According to the above tests,the working parameters of the potato storage and transport collection loading system in high efficiency and low loss producing area were optimized,and the optimal parameter combination was obtained.The field experiment of the whole machine was carried out with the potato damage rate as the test index.The test results showed that the potato damage rate of the machine was 0.95%,less than 1.0%,and the better working effect was achieved.Moreover,the broken rate and machine failure rate of the whole machine were tested,and the test result was that: the broken rate was 1.32%,less than 1.5%;and the productivity could reach 52 t/h under the condition of common work,the machine failure rate was only 2.10%,so the machine has reached the goal of high efficiency and low loss. |
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