Effects Of The Different Plant Parts Of Acanthopanax Senticosus On The Growth Performance,serum Biochemistry And Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Of GIFT(Oreochromis Niloticus)

Acanthopanax senticosus(Araliaceae),which is known as Siberian Ginseng,it’s also known as Eleutherococcus senticosus and Ciwujia in China.It is used as a stimulant and tranquilizing Chinese herb that contains several chemical compounds including isofraxidins,syringins and eleutherosides.For a long time,it has been used in effective management of a number of diseases,such as stress-induced pathophysiologic changes,inflammation,hyperglycemia,immune suppression,increased adrenal gland weight and gastric ulceration in humans.In animals it has been proved to improve the immune system,liver antioxidant ability and hepatoprotective.A 60-day feeding experiment was carried out to examine the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus obtained from different parts of the plant on the growth performance,intestinal enzyme activity,haematological,serum biochemical parameters,serum innate immune response,liver antioxidant capacity and hepatic lipid metabolism and of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia(GIFT,Oreochromis niloticus).The basal diet fed to the fingerlings(11.25 ± 0.5 g)was supplemented 0.2 % A.S from the root,0.2 % A.S from the stem and 0.2 %A.S from the leaves.Four groups with three replicates were studied respectively.The main results of the study are as follows:1.Effects of different plant parts of Acanthopanax senticosus on the growth performance,feed utilization and intestinal enzyme activity of GIFTThe results of growth performance and feed utilization showed that there was a significant decrease in FCR in all treatments compared to the control(P < 0.05)with the lowest FCR observed in treatment groups supplemented with the stem of A.senticosus.The FBW,SGR and FBW increased significantly in treatment groups supplemented with the leaf of AS when compared to other treatment groups(P < 0.05).There was no observed statistical difference in the hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index in all the treatment groups when compared to the control(P > 0.05).There was no significant variation in the survival rate of all the treatment groups compared to the control(P > 0.05).The activity of intestinal enzymes(α-amylase,lipase and protease)was highest in the treatment group supplemented with the root of A.S although there was no varying difference in all the treatment group and the control compared(P > 0.05).The stem of A.senticosus lowered the FCR significantly while A.senticosus from the leaves had an improved the growth performance(FBW,SGR and WGR)and could be recommended for GIFT culture.2.Effects of different plant parts of Acanthopanax senticosus on the hematological parameters,serum biochemistry and serum innate immunity of GIFT.The results of haematological parameters show that there was a significant upward trend in the concentration of haemoglobin in the stem supplemented group compared to the control(P < 0.05).There was a significant rise in the level of haematocrit in the blood of treatment group supplemented with the stem of A.senticosus compared to the control(P < 0.05).The level of haematocrit in blood was highest in the treatment groups with the stem of AS.There was no statistical difference in the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in all treatment groups compared to the control(P > 0.05).For serum biochemical parameters,the activities of AST decreased significantly in the leaf treated groups compared to the treatment groups with the stem of AS(P < 0.05).There were significantly greater proportions of T.P in the stem and leaves supplemented treatments(P < 0.05).There was no observed statistical variation in the glucose proportions in all the treatment groups and control when compared(P >0.05).The concentrations of TC were significantly lower in the leaves supplemented group compared to the control(P < 0.05).There was a significant down ward trend in the quantities of TG in the leaf supplemented treatment in comparison to the control(P < 0.05).The activities of cortisol in treatment groups supplemented with the root of A.S showed a significant upward trend compared to other treatment groups and the control(P < 0.05).The activities of complement 3 in root treated groups and lysozyme in stem treated groups were significantly improved compared to leaf treated groups(P < 0.05).Therefore,supplementation of the stem and leaves of A.S to the diet of GIFT had profound effects on the hematological,serum biochemical and non-specific immune parameters and can therefore be recommended in GIFT culture without any adverse effects.3.Effects of different plant parts of Acanthopanax senticosus on liver antioxidant enzyme activity,hepatic biomarkers and histological structure of the liver of GIFT.The hepatic MDA volumes in all treatments were significantly in lower proportions when compared to the control(P < 0.05).The activity of SOD,CAT and GSH in all the treatment groups compared to the control did not vary(P > 0.05).A significantly down ward trend in the hepatic TC and TG levels in all the treatment groups comparison to the control was observed(P < 0.05).The lowest TC and TG quantities were observed in treatment group supplemented with the leaves.Histological analysis of the liver tissues using Hematoxylineosin staining revealed that there was a reduction in the size of lipid vacuoles in treatment groups supplemented with root,stem and while Red oil O staining showed a reduction in neutral lipids and lipid droplets in all the treatment groups compared to the control.The highest reduction in lipid vacuoles,neutral lipids and lipid droplets was observed in the treatments supplemented with the leaves.The study exhibited that GIFT fed on a diet supplemented with the leaves of A.senticosus showed an improved growth,serum biochemical parameters,serum innate immune response,liver antioxidant capacity and a reduced hepatic lipid accumulation while GIFT fed on a diet with stem of A.S showed a lower feed conversion ratio and better hematological parameters and an elevated immune response.GIFT fed with a diet containing A.S from the root showed high levels of antistress factors(Cortisol)and an improvement in innate immunity.Therefore,its recommended to supplement GIFT culture with the leaves of A.S due to the better growth performance,serum biochemistry,liver antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism.It’s also recommended to investigate the supplementation of A.S mixtures from different plant parts since supplements from the roots and stems have exhibited a better performance than the leaves in some parameters in GIFT.