The Research On The Scale Planting Of Foreign Crops Cultivated In Guizhou Province And Its Influence Since The Qing Dynasty(1658-1949)

The history of crop cultivation is the important content of history of the progress of agricultural civilization and it plays an important role in the development of Chinese traditional agriculture.As for Guizhou province,with the increase of types of foreign crops and the expansion of planting scale,to some extent,the problems of eating and dressing of local residents have been alleviated.Meanwhile,their production methods and customs have been changed,as well as the local agricultural planting structure and agricultural economic conditions.Relevant contents are mostly recorded in official history,local Chronicles,folk documents and so on.By systematically combing and analyzing such historical materials,we can not only understand the relationship between humans and plants,but also explore the development of man-land relationship,which can provide references for the research of agricultural geography,environmental history,etc.The introduction mainly talks about the study reasons,historical documents overview,research reviews and definitions of core terms.In order to think more comprehensively about the value of the topic of foreign crops cultivated in Guizhou based on a big-picture perspective,the content of historical documents overview mainly covers the work of combing,summarizing and analyzing the historical materials related to the cultivation of Guizhou foreign crops before the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and the content of research review covers the work of summarizing and analyzing the research status and research deficiencies of foreign crops cultivated in Guizhou province after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.The first chapter discusses the geographical environment of Guizhou province and the cultivation of foreign crops planted in Guizhou province before the Qing Dynasty systematically.Guizhou province,located in the southwest of China and belonging to the area of subtropical monsoon climate zone,has more mountainous area,less plain and complex regional microclimate,which can provide various living environment for the planting of many kinds of foreign crops.The introduction and expansion of planting scale of foreign crops can be dynamic and continuous processes,which are closely related to the ethnic communication,population migration and many other factors in our history.Generally speaking,the crops that entered Guizhou province and realized scale planting before the Ming Dynasty were mainly from Asia,Africa or Europe,and after the Ming Dynasty,the crops were mainly from America.It is worth noting that defining the concept of "foreign crops cultivated in Guizhou province" inevitably involves the definition of the geographical scope of Guizhou province.Therefore,the author sorts out the evolution of Guizhou province’s administrative region and makes maps and tables to assist interpretation so that the spatial scope of "Guizhou",the geographical scope formed since the reign of Yongzheng Emperor in the Qing Dynasty,can be defined.All the crops introduced outside this geographical space are foreign crops cultivated in Guizhou province,which can be roughly divided into two categories: domestic and overseas.The second chapter analyses the types and scale planting of foreign crops cultivated in Guizhou province in the Qing Dynasty.Since the Qing Dynasty,the government has basically inherited the management performance in Guizhou province during the Ming Dynasty.It not only continued to follow “Gaituguiliu”,but also implemented “the reform of abolishing Weisuo system and establishing county” and“the policy of establishing Miao territory in southeast Guizhou”,enlarged the jurisdiction of Guizhou province,etc.These measures made the scale of the immigrant population in Guizhou province continuously expand and the geographical space also become broader,which provided a prerequisite for the scale planting of foreign crops.At the same time,many American crops introduced into China during the late Ming Dynasty were widely planted in Guizhou province in the Qing Dynasty,which increased the variety of foreign crops.On the whole,the scale planting of foreign crops in this period is more complex and the distribution of these crops can be more widely than previous generations.The third chapter analyses the change of variety and planting scale of the foreign crops cultivated in Guizhou province during the period of the Republic of China.In the period of the Republic of China,the trend of modernization of agricultural development was more obvious and the application of agricultural technology was more extensive.Especially during the period of China’s anti-Japanese war,Guizhou province became the rear area and was well constructed by the government.At the same time,the migrant population surged.Therefore,in order to solve the problems of food need,clothing need and economic backwardness,the government was keen to cultivate,introduce and popularize excellent food crops,fruit and vegetable crops and cash crops,also popularize agricultural technology industriously,which changed the planting structure of foreign crops cultivated in Guizhou province.The fourth chapter comprehensively analyzes the reasons for the introduction and large-scale planting of foreign crops in Guizhou province.Environmental factors are discussed in Chapter 1.This chapter focuses on the relationship between people and crops.For example,in the case of facing the increase of immigrants,in order to meet their needs of food and clothing,it is necessary to increase the crop acreage and introduce high-yield crops in addition to respecting their habits.So,the development of dry-land crops is really rapid.Other important reasons,which help foreign crops realize scale planting,are the improvement of agricultural technology and the assistance of local knowledge.Government’s encouragement can offer planting guarantee,which can influence farmers’ planting intention and change their planting behavior.Driven by economic interests,farmers can be motivated to plant foreign crops.The fifth chapter discusses the influence of scale planting of foreign crops.Since the Qing Dynasty,the scale planting of foreign crops has solved many practical problems,to a certain extent,which ensured the residents’ food safety and clothing safety,satisfied their economic demands,changed their way of life,and even formed unique agricultural culture.From the perspective of social development,the scale planting of foreign crops ensured social stability,promoted the development of social economy and the change of social customs.The last part summarizes the main content of this paper and reviews the experience and lessons of scale planting of foreign crops.The research on the scale planting of foreign crops cultivated in Guizhou province refers to the multiple analysis of the development of social economy and agricultural technology,the relationship between humans and plants,planting industry and environmental problems,and so on.The stability of food and clothing involves not only the problem of survival,but also the problems of technology,environment and culture.People’s behaviors that chase for economic benefits by planting crops reflect not only the economic situation,but also the issues of social morality and ethos,etc.Therefore,the research on this topic has multiple meanings.