Impacts Of Grassland Ecological Subsidy And Award On Grassland Rental Behaviors Of Herdsmen

Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Award policy mainly guides herdsmen to reduce livestock and restricts overgrazing by issuing subsidies for banning grazing and rewards for balancing grazing and livestock,so as to achieve the goal of protecting grassland ecology and promoting income increase of herdsmen.Grassland leasing is the main way to transfer grassland and optimize the allocation of resources in pastoral areas.As rational economic man,herdsmen take place grassland leasing behavior after weighing the cost and benefit of grassland transfer.Based on the theories of sustainable development,ecological compensation and property rights economics,this paper uses 308 questionnaire survey data from herdsmen in Tongde County,Qinghai Province,adopts Threshold Regression model to empirically test the influence of Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Award bonus amount on grassland rental area of herdsmen,interprets the influencing factors of grassland rental area,defines the threshold value of the influence of Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Award bonus on grassland rental area,and carries out heterogeneity analysis,in order to provide empirical evidence for refining Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Award criteria and improving grassland rental market.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In general,the proportion of local herdsmen participating in Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Award policy is relatively high,but they are less involved in grassland leasing,and the grassland leasing market needs to be improved.(2)The annual Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Award bonus(the subsidy for banning grazing and the reward for balancing herbage and livestock)has an inverted U-shaped effect on grassland rental area of herdsmen,which suddenly changes at 1932yuan/year.There is a positive correlation when the value is lower than 1932 yuan/year,and a negative correlation when the value is higher than 1932 yuan/year.(3)In addition to the Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Award bonus,the Chinese level of the householder,the area of the grassland contracted by the household and the number of livestock stock also have a significant impact on grassland rental area.The Chinese level of the household head and the area contracted by the household have a positive impact,while the number of livestock stock has a negative impact.(4)In terms of heterogeneity analysis,different forms of subsidy amount,different scale of contracted grassland area and the proportion of household animal husbandry income all lead to different effects of Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Award bonus on grassland rental area.Specifically,with the increase of the annual grass-stock balance reward amount,the area of grassland rented by the herders will first increase and then decrease.However,as the annual ban on grazing subsidies has increased,the area of grassland rented by farmers has been decreasing.With the increase of grassland area contracted by pastoral households,the grassland leased area of small-scale pastoral households decreased first and then increased.However,the large scale herding households showed a trend of first increasing,then decreasing and then increasing.With the increase of the proportion of livestock income,the grassland rental area of the pastoralists decreased first and then increased.The faster the grassland rental area of the group with the lower proportion of livestock income decreased,the faster the grassland rental area of the group with the higher proportion of livestock income increased.Based on the above research findings,this paper puts forward the following suggestions.(1)Appropriately raise the standard of Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Award bonus,especially the ban on grazing subsidies and the balance of grass and livestock rewards.(2)Different subsidies should be provided to different types of herdsmen based on policies adopted by households,so one size does not fit all.(3)Strengthen the policy publicity,innovate the way of policy publicity,improve the herdsmen’s awareness of grassland transfer.(4)To optimize the industrial structure of pastoral areas,vigorously develop the deep processing industry,and organize employment skills training to increase employment opportunities for herdsmen.(5)Relevant agencies should improve the social security mechanism,improve the grassland rental market,and guide herders to participate in the standard.