Genetic Characteristics Of Auricularia Auricula Germplasm Resources And Screening Of Excellent Strains

Auricularia heimuer,also known as light fungus,cloud ear,crisp and refreshing,delicious taste,with anti-aging,anti-thrombosis and other effects,for medicine and food and bacteria,in all parts of China,its output ranks second in the country.As China’s characteristic and advantageous agricultural products,black fungus has played an important role in farmers’ rid of poverty and prosperity,rural revitalization and even the world economic development.The development prospect is very broad,but a large number of high-quality varieties are still needed.The selection of good germplasm is a prerequisite for good strains,and the healthy development of the edible fungus industry is inseparable from good varieties.Therefore,so in order to adapt to the development of the market,there must be more good varieties in the production.The germplasm resources were identified and analyzed,so as to clarify the relationship between strains,avoid the occurrence of different names of the same species,and effectively provide breeding materials with clear sources.In this study,57 different sources of black fungus strains as test material,from the essence to the phenotype of black fungus germplasm collection genetic characteristics analysis,through the SSR molecular marker strains kinship identification and analysis,and establish the molecular identification,combined with the determination of agronomy strains genetic characteristics,establish the black fungus intelligent management information database,is beneficial to the management of black fungus germplasm resources and germplasm innovation.The main study results are presented as follows:(1)By conducting the SSR molecular marker cluster analysis of 57 strains,the results showed that the test strains were divided into two groups at a European distance of 0.15.Group I contains 50 strains,including 38 wild strains and 12 cultivated strains.Group I was divided into four subgroups,and 12 cultivated strains were divided into subgroup 2,in which the similarity coefficient between JA52 and JA53 was 1.00.It can be seen that the relationship between the strains is relatively close,and the phenomenon of different name may also exist.There were seven subgroup strains,all wild strains,all of which were from Yunnan Province.The test strains were divided according to the region(the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River are the boundary).It was found that about 57.9% of the wild strains were from the south,and about 42.1% of the wild strains were from the north.To sum up,the genetic diversity of wild strains is more abundant than cultivated strains,has a certain regional correlation between black fungus strains,geographically similar strains gathered together,the similarity is higher,and the diversity of different sources of strains is higher,the correlation between wild strains and regions is stronger than cultivated strains.(2)Through SSR molecular markers of 57 tested strains,the results showed that 9pairs of SSR primers amplified 2-6 bands between 101 bp and 106 bp,36 sites,discrimination capacity reached 100%,effective allele variation(Ne)value between1.6988-5.5586,polymorphism information content(PIC)value between 0.381 and0.860,polymorphism content is rich,indicating that SSR molecular markers are diverse.(3)By analyzing the population structure of 57 strains,the analysis results showed that 32 test strains in A single subgroup was more than 0.580,and the remaining 25 strains in the single subgroup were less than 0.580,57 strains were divided into two subgroups A and B,the cluster analysis results,Group A included 32 tested strains,with expected heterozygosity of 0.6327,group B included 25 test strains,expected heterozygosity was 0.5496,which showed that the genetic diversity of group A was higher than group B.(4)By conducting agronomic traits on 57 tested strains,The results show that the growth period of the test strains is different,According to the DUS test guide,it is divided into three types: early,medium and late mature,Three types of strains accounted for 24.6%,62% and 14%,respectively,The commodity characteristics of the strains are quite different,among,Single types accounted for 38.6% of the total,Chrysanthemum type accounted for 61.4% of the total;The proportion of no folds of the ear tablet was 78.9%,The proportion of wrinkles was 21.1%;Multiple folds on the back of the ear tablet accounted for 12.3%,47.4%,40.3% without pleated;Ear piece smooth type is about 66.6%,The missing engraving type is about 33.3%.Combining the growth period,commercial traits and yield of the test strains,Four excellent bacterial strains were selected,One of these was an excellent strain with a short growth period,JA39,The other strain is the length and width ratio of 1,The ear tablet was a dark brown single tablet strain JA12,The other strain is a bacterium with a high foaming rate,JA08,One strain was the highest productive strain,JA50,among,JA12,and JA08 were wild strains,JA50 As a cultivated strain,The cultivated strain can be directly promoted in the production;The other three wild black fungus strains can be developed into new cultivation varieties through domestication and cultivation.(5)Based on the molecular markers and agronomic traits of SSR of the test strain,Selected bands from nine primer pairs were clear,Bands with strong specificity were statistics,Construction of the 0,1 matrices,Each strain contained 860,1 loci,The identity QR code of the black fungus strain was generated by the Microsoft Office Access software,It includes the strain name,strain type,strain source,strain commodity characteristics,and the molecular identity card of the test strain,Effectively improve the management level of black fungus germplasm,It provides technical support for the collection and identification of agaric germplasm resources and the development of new varieties.