Accumulation Of Chemical Components And Quality Evaluation Of Fritillaria Taipaiensis P.Y.Li

Fritillariae bulbus is an important bulk medicinal material,and Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus has the best efficacy.Fritilaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li is one of the basic sources of Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus.It is used as medicine with its dry bulbs,which have the effects of moisturizing lung,alleviating cough,reducing phlegm and calming asthma.Affected by the new coronavirus epidemic,its market demand has increased dramatically and attracted much attention.Due to the plant’s relatively wide suitability for altitude,the cultivation area has been expanding in recent years.However,due to the lack of standardized theoretical and technical guidance in actual production,the quality of F.taibaiensis is uneven,and quality resources are lacking.In order to establish a standardized production technology for F.taibaiensis,improve the quality of F.taibaiensis and achieve high quality and yield,this study took F.taibaiensis as the object,systematically observed the relevant agronomic traits and growth rules of the Shaanxi Taibai producing area,and comprehensively analyzed the contents of alkaloids,nucleosides,saponins and polysaccharides in different growth years and growth periods.and comprehensively evaluated the quality of 30 batches of F.taibaiensis from 13 different producing areas,and the following main results were obtained:1.The growth and development dynamics of F.taibaiensis were clarified,the phenological period of F.taibaiensis was clearly divided,and the growth centers of different growth stages were determined.The growth and development process of F.taibaiensis can be divided into eight stages: germination stage(late February to early March),seedling stage(middle and late March),leaf expansion stage(late March to early April),squaring stage(early April),early flowering stage(middle April),full flowering stage(late April to early May),fruiting stage(May to June)and seedling reversal stage(middle June).There were differences in growth days and plant morphology among different years.The growth period of 4-year-old F.taibaiensis was 12～25 days longer than that of 1～3-year-old F.taibaiensis,with complete development of stems,leaves,flowers and fruits.In the vegetative growth stage,the growth center is mainly the stems and leaves of the aboveground part.In the reproductive growth stage,the growth center is mainly flowers,and the flowering period can last about one month.From the bud to the initial flowering stage,stamens and pistils grew and opened completely in 4～5 days.At the full flowering stage,the length of stamens did not change,and the pistil continued to grow to complete pollination;At the stage of fruit development,the growth center is mainly fruit enlargement.The underground bulbs had two rapid growth periods,the first in late April and the second in early June.2.The dynamic accumulation law of chemical components of F.taibaiensis was revealed,and the suitable harvesting years and periods for F.taibaiensis were determined.The contents of alkaloids nucleosides polysaccharides and saponins in different growth years of F.taibaiensis were analyzed.The results showed that the content of alkaloids reached its peak in the fourth year(1283 μg/g),which was 22.9%,7.0% and 20.9% higher than that in the third,fifth and sixth years,respectively;the content of nucleosides reached its peak in the fifth year(1630 μg/g),which was 37.2%,1.3% and 23.6% higher than that in the third,fourth and sixth years,respectively;the content of polysaccharides reached its peak in the fifth year(22 mg/g),which was 31.8%,8.2% and 22.7% higher than that in the third,fourth and sixth years,respectively;The highest saponin content(23 mg/g)was found in 3 years old,which was 9.1%,27.3% and 36.4% higher than that in the fourth,fifth and sixth years,respectively.Comprehensive multi-index component analysis showed that the component content of 4-year-old and 5-year-old Fritillaria taipaiensis was significantly higher than that of 3-year-old and 6-year-old.Therefore,the suitable harvesting time of F.taibaiensis is 4～5 years The analysis of the content of active components in 4～5-year-old F.taipaiensis at different growth stages showed that the content of alkaloids was the highest in early July,the content of nucleosides was the highest in late June,the content of saponins was the highest in late June,and the content of polysaccharides was the highest in mid-late June.Comprehensive multi-index component content analysis showed that the suitable harvesting period for F.taibaiensis was from late June to early July.In summary,4～5-year-old F.taipaiensis was harvested from late June to early July,and the quality of the medicinal materials was high.3.The quality evaluation system based on multivariate statistical analysis for F.taibaiensis was established.The quality indexes(alkaloids,nucleosides,saponins and polysaccharide content),appearance indexes(bulb size,weight and color)and inspection indexes(moisture,ash and extract)of 30 batches of F.taipaiensis from different producing areas and different growth years were analyzed and compared.There were significant differences among different producing areas.Based on principal component analysis,a comprehensive evaluation method for the quality of F.taibaiensis was established.The evaluation results showed that the main factor affecting the quality of F.taibaiensis was its origin,followed by the growth years.Within the sampling area of this study,the quality of F.taipaiensis produced in Chongqing is the best,followed by Shaanxi,Sichuan,Hubei,Qinghai and Gansu.In the same producing area,the quality of 4～5-year-old F.taipaiensis was the best,followed by 6-year-old,3-year-old and 2-year-old.4.The HPLC fingerprints of alkaloids and nucleosides of F.taibaiensis were constructed.Comparative analysis of 30 batches of F.taibaiensis showed that the chemical composition was basically the same,but the content varied greatly;the results of cluster analysis showed that F.taibaiensis from Shaanxi,Chongqing and Sichuan could be classified into one category,and those from Gansu,Qinghai and Hubei could be classified into one category.The OPLS-DA model was constructed to discriminate the fingerprint profiles,and seven components were preliminarily identified as the content difference markers of F.taipaiensis,which were used to distinguish the origin and age of F.taipaiensis.This study clarified the growth and development dynamics of F.taibaiensis,revealed the dynamic accumulation law of its chemical components,and determined the suitable harvest year and period of F.taibaiensis.At the same time,a comprehensive evaluation system for the quality of F.taibaiensis was established based on multi-index and HPLC fingerprint.This study provides a basic theoretical basis for timely harvesting and quality evaluation of F.taibaiensis,which is conducive to promoting industrial development.