| In this study,56 jujube offspring preserved in the jujube seed garden of the Horticultural Experimental Station of Tarim University were used as the object to analyze and measure the genetic diversity and fruit quality of the live offspring,aiming to screen out new germplasm of fresh jujube with excellent quality,enrich the varieties of fresh jujube,and meet the diversified needs of the market.The test is mainly divided into the following three parts:(1)Genetic diversity analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on25 numerical traits of 56 jujube seed descendant resources,and the results showed that the diversity of numerical traits in the 56 jujube seed descendant groups was rich.The genetic coefficient of variation of 25 numerical traits was 1.06～50.38%,and the genetic coefficient of variation of single fruit weight was the largest.The genetic diversity index was distributed in3.92～4.03,and the difference between traits was small.The 11 personality traits such as fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index and soluble sugar content conformed to normal distribution.According to cluster analysis,the offspring of these 56 jujube fruits were divided into 4 taxa,and category I.contained 6 resources,which were shorter than those of other taxa.Class II contains 5 resources,which are characterized by small fruit hardness and high total phenolic content.Class III.has 13 resources,the main characteristics of which are single fruit significant,kernel content,high edible rate,Vc content,soluble sugar content,protein content,soluble solids content,and the above indicators are the largest of the four groups,such groups are the best in many indicators,can be used as excellent germplasm for new variety breeding.Category IV.contains 32 resources,the main characteristics of which are titratable acid content and the highest flavonoid content,which can be used for special germplasm selection or preservation.(2)Taking the fruit quality and population evaluation of 16 jujube excellent lines selected by our research group in recent years as materials,the botanical characteristics,phenological period and fruit quality traits of the 16 selected jujube fruit excellent lines were observed,and the principal component analysis was carried out on the intrinsic quality of the fruits,the results showed that the brittle ripening period of the fruits of the 16 jujube fruit excellent lines was concentrated in September,and the fruit development period lasted 87～119 days,except for MX9B4 for the early ripening excellent lineage,the rest of the excellent lines were medium-ripe excellent lines.MX5N3 was the most advantageous line with the highest single fruit mass,which had a single fruit mass of 37.36 g.The Vc content was distributed in 169.52～342.51mg/100 g,of which BX5N6 had the highest Vc content;The soluble sugar content was distributed in20.83～31.03%;Titratable acid content distributed in 0.26～0.63%;According to the results of principal component analysis and fruit sensory quality evaluation,six excellent fruit quality jujube lines were screened,MX5N3,MX9B10,DNJD6B4,BD2B2,DNJD5B6 and MX10B5.(3)Through the determination of fruit appearance and intrinsic quality during the growth and development of three jujube superior lines,the fruit quality formation law was studied,which provided data support for the further screening of new strains.The results show that the growth of fruit cross diameter is a typical single "S" shaped growth curve;The fruit shape index showed a decreasing trend with time;The accumulation of soluble sugar showed a steady increase with fruit growth.Vc content and protein content showed low-high-low changes with fruit development.The organic acid content showed a high-low-high variation with fruit growth and development.The total phenolic content and flavonoid content decreased with the growth and development of fruits.Jujube is divided into three periods in the process of growth and development: slow-fast-slow,and the fruit expansion period is the rapid growth period of jujube. |
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