A Study On The Impact Of Returning Farmland To Forest In Aksu Region On Farmers’ Income

With the continuous advancement of industrialization and urbanization,China’s ecological environment has also deteriorated in the rapid economic development.Therefore,it is very important to restore the ecological environment and maintain sustainable development.The project of returning farmland to forest is an important component of forestry ecological construction,and has become one of the core means to restore the ecological environment,which is conducive to the realization of China’s sustainable development,and is also an important contribution made by China to the construction of world ecological civilization.In the process of project development,the project goal has also gradually transitioned from simple ecological environment restoration to a comprehensive target system of adjusting the industrial structure,increasing farmers’ income,narrowing regional differences,and ensuring sustainable development.At present,the central government has invested 405.66 billion yuan in the first round of returning farmland to forest,and has realized afforestation of 139 million mu of farmland,afforestation of supporting barren hills and wasteland,and afforestation of closed mountains,involving a total of 32 million peasant households and 124 million peasants.After years of hard work,the project has been carried out and the results have been consolidated,and important results have been obtained.However,after the subsidy period expired,some farmers returned to farmland,which prompted many researchers to pay attention to the long-term ecological benefits of the project.In this project,the impact of the project of returning farmland to forest on the income of farmers returning farmland to forest was deeply studied by using the field survey data of farmers in 2021,combined with various economic theories,and using relevant econometric models.Based on the micro data of the 2021 questionnaire survey,this paper studies the impact of the new round of farmland return to forest project on the household income of farmers according to the propensity score matching method(PSM),and analyzes the mechanism of influence on farmers in different regions and types,and analyzes its heterogeneous effect.The results show that:(1)Based on the full sample data,the new round of farmland return project has a positive effect on the household income of farmers,which can significantly increase the household income of farmers,the specific increase is between 16.5% — 22.7%,and the effect of different sources of income on income growth is also different.The project did not have a negative impact on household operating income.The proportion of farmers’ wage income in the total income gradually increased,indicating that after the implementation of the project,the cultivated land area was significantly reduced,and the labor force would be released,which promoted the transfer of labor and promoted the increase of the wage income of these farmers,but the relative growth rate of wage income in the later period began to decline.(2)As far as different types of farmers are concerned,the positive effect of the new round of farmland return project on the household income of farmers will have different impacts due to the difference in part-time level,and the impact on farmers with high part-time level is obvious,but the impact on farmers with low part-time level is not obvious.(3)The new round of the project of returning farmland to forest is conducive to promoting the improvement of the income structure of farmers,maintaining the implementation results of the project,bringing positive effects to the household income of farmers returning farmland,under the guidance of the latest national policies,reasonably expanding the proportion of economic forests,developing forestry and fruit industry,carrying out under-forest planting and set seeds,economic benefits have appeared,gradually realizing the win-win model of "ecology +economy",and also providing more opportunities for non-agricultural employment of farmers and increasing the willingness of farmers to participate in project governance.Finally,on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,this project focuses on the heterogeneity of regions and farmers returning farmland to forest,and discusses the following two issues:first,how the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest for more than 20 years affects the household income of farmers;The second is whether the effect varies due to the heterogeneity of farmers.Through relevant research,this paper hopes to help governments at all levels determine reasonable subsidy standards and form differentiated ecological compensation policies that meet the characteristics of regions and farmers.