| Object: Climate warming is expected to have an impact on global food security and nutritional quality.As one of the main food crops in the world,winter wheat grain protein content may be significantly affected by climate warming,but its mechanism is not clear.No-till agriculture may be an effective option to mitigate the effects of climate warming,but the interaction between tillage and warming is not yet clear.Methods: In order to solve the above problems,a field warming experiment under no-tillage(NT)and conventional tillage(CT)was carried out in the Shandong Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2021 to examine the interactive effects of warming under different tillage treatments on the physiological growth process,yield,yield components,plant nitrogen metabolism,grain protein content and components of winter wheat.To provide scientific basis for the effect of climate warming on protein content of winter wheat under different tillage measures.Results:(1)Increasing temperature significantly affected the growth and development of winter wheat under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems(p < 0.05).Under the two tillage systems,increasing temperature significantly advanced the greening period of winter wheat,prolonged the effective growth period of winter wheat,and increased the leaf area index in early flowering period,photosynthetic rate and plant height in each growth period of winter wheat.(2)Increasing temperature significantly increased dry matter quality under no-till and conventional tillage systems.Under CT system,the greening stage to maturity stage increased by 93%,50%,30.51% and 2.89%,respectively,compared with control group.Under NT system,they are increased by 40.94%,63.63%,63.54%and 13.81%,respectively.Warming and tillage affected the yield composition of winter wheat,and then affected the yield.The results showed that the number of spikelets of winter wheat with warming under CT and NT systems was significantly decreased(p < 0.05),which was 9.21% and 11.15%,respectively,compared with the control group.Grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat increased under CT and NT system.Increasing temperature significantly increased winter wheat yield(p < 0.05),which was increased by 11.4%(CT)and 62.3%(NT),respectively,compared with control group.The main effect and interaction effect of tillage and temperature on winter wheat yield were significant(p < 0.05).(3)Under both no-tillage and conventional tillage systems,increasing temperature significantly increased nitrogen accumulation in stems and leaves at flowering stage and maturity stage,nitrogen transfer in stems and leaves at late flowering stage and contribution rate to grains,which promoted nitrogen transport to grains,and significantly increased grain protein content in CT and NT by 10.88% and 30.91%(p < 0.05),respectively. The effects of warming and tillage on grain protein components were complicated.Warming under CT reduced the contents of albumin,globulin and gluten.Warming under NT increased the content of three protein components.Under CT and NT,the content of alcohol soluble protein in grain was increased by 30.77%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared with other treatments,NTW treatment significantly increased grain storage protein content of winter wheat(p < 0.05).Under two different tillage modes,warming treatment significantly increased grain residual protein content of winter wheat(p < 0.05),among which CT treatment increased by 51.26%,NT treatment increased by 46.06%.Conclusion: The study showed that increasing temperature could significantly promote the transformation of nitrogen into grains by changing the physiological characteristics of winter wheat,and the decrease in the number of effective spikelets in winter wheat under increasing temperature made the nitrogen that would enter more grains enter the final effective grains,thus significantly increasing the protein content in grains.In no-tillage mode,increasing temperature can significantly increase grain yield and grain protein content,affect grain protein components,and thus coordinate wheat nutritional quality and improve processing quality.It is concluded that under the background of climate warming,no-tillage can be used as a "win-win" tillage measure. |
