The Technology Research On Conservation Tillage On Winter Wheat-summer Maize Under Rain Fed Conditions

Thwas experiments made use of nature rain in the experiment Farmland of Henan agriculture university form 2006 to 2007,adopted Wheat-Maize double cropping system,The whole growth period has non-irrigation.The study designed four treatments:bed and srtraw mulch planting,bed-planting,flat and straw mulch planting and flat planting.Study on Soil Mowasture,soil respiration,soil temperature,Growth and Development,Senescence and Yield and Quality of Plants under the ditch and ridge changed with each other,the main conclusion was as follows:Firstly,Straw Mulch can make for improving Soil Mowasture Regime in dryland farming areas,changed the soil water dwastribution of Level and vertical direction,and have obvious effect in increasing soil mowasture.In the measurement of soil mowasture during 0～100cm,The influence of the soil water of vertical direction among different treatments was approximately same,Wheat in Various Development Periods show the trend of" ascending-descending-ascending",Maize in Various Development Periods show the trend of " descending-ascending". Different treatment on the impact of mowasture shows significant difference in the 0～40cm,with the deepening of soil layer,the differences reduced In growth earlier stage of wheat,ridge-straw mulch planting soil mowasture obvious function of water self-restraining.At the jointing stage of wheat ridge-straw mulch planting soil mowasture was the highest,up to18.72%,it was 1.31%higher than flat planting.But in the arid late growth stage of wheat,the ridge-straw mulch planting treatment due to increasing surface area of contacting with the outside world,lost surface soil mowasture easier,The treatment of flat-straw mulch was more easier to maintain soil mowasture.In the whole period in the wheat,the soil mowasture of flat-straw mulch was highest,up to 13.35%,1.85%higher than flat planting,has a better effects of preserving and impounded water.In the whole maize period,Whether the level or the vertical direction,the ridge-straw mulch planting showed an obvious water-saving effect,compared with the traditional flat planting.Soil mowasture was 3.06% higher than flat plantingSecondly,In the late growing periods of wheat,single leaf water use efficiency of flat-straw mulch was highest,the maximum value was 2.86μmol CO₂/mmol·H₂O,the followed treatment was bed and srtraw mulch planting,up to 2.62μmol CO₂/mmol·H₂O,Flat planting was lowest.In addition to straw coverd treatment, there was a significant difference between other treatments.In the late Maize growing periods,straw covered treatment can significantly improved the ear leaf of Photosyntheswas,transpiration rate,water use efficiency of ridge-straw mulch planting was the highest,the lowest was flat planting.the difference was significant between them.The flat-srtraw mulch planting of wheat was highest up water use efficiency in for grain yield,the maximum value was 24.19 kg / mm·hm^-2,The lowest was flat planting,the minimum was 22.21 kg / mm·hm^-2.In Maize growing periods,the ridge-straw mulch planting was highest,up to 28.91 kg / mm·hm^-2, increased 3.98%,11.66%,15.32%than flat-srtraw mulch planting,bed-planting,flat planting.Thirdly,Form wintering period to filling stage in winter wheat,the ridge-straw mulch planting of soil respiration was the highest between different treatments,the followinged treatment was flat-srtraw mulch planting,Flat planting was the lowest.There was extremely significant interaction between flat planting and all other treatments.All treatments of soil respiration reach the maximum at filling stage.It was respectively 4.95μmol·m^-2·s^-1,4.69μmol·m^-2·s^-1,4.4μmol·m^-2·s^-1,2.61μmol·m-2·s-1.At maturity stage,soil respiration ranked in the order of flat-srtraw mulch planting> ridge-straw mulch planting> bed-planting> flat planting. Straw mulching reached a significant difference Compared with two other treatments. In different growth stages of Maize,Ridge-straw mulch planting of soil respiration were higher than other treatments,flat planting was the lowest.There was a very significant difference between ridge-straw mulch planting and flat planting,soil respiration was the biggest in the stamen-growing stage,maturity stage was the lowest.Diurnal Variation of ground temperature,the maximum of flat planting treatment appearanced at around12:00,the maximum of ridge-straw mulch planting and flat-srtraw mulch planting treatment delayed backward around 14:00.There was extremely positive correlativity between Diurnal Variation of ground temperature and Diurnal Variation of soil respiration Between different treatments,and the simple regression equation being Y=0.1704X-0.6372,R2=0.882^**Fourthly,Ridge culture and straw mulching was beneficial to Individual Development,has strong lodging reswastance.There was a significant difference or significant difference very between Straw mulching and traditional flat planting of agronomic character indices.Flat-srtraw mulch planting of the wheat of plant height,stem diameter and dry weight per plant are the highest in different birthing periods.followed by ridge-straw mulch planting.The ridge-straw mulch planting can improve summer corn plant height,stem diameter and dry weight per plant,and achieved significant or very significant difference.Different treatment of wheat leaf area index increased rapidly,after achieving the highest value on heading date.,leaf area index decreased gradually,Decrease amplitude of Flat-srtraw mulch planting and ridge-straw mulch planting was less Compared with flat planting.Different treatments of the corn leaf area index throughout the growing period show the trend of " ascending-descending" trend.All treatments achieved the highest value on tassel emerge.Descending speed of bed-planting and flat planting was faster than other treatments.The flat-srtraw mulch planting of SOD activity of wheat flag leaf has been highest,followed by ridge-straw mulch planting,flat planting was the lowest.The content of MDA for flat-srtraw mulch planting has been the lowest,flat planting was highest.Flat-srtraw mulch planting treatment of level of Cell Membrane-lipid Peroxidation was relatively low The extent of damage of plasma membrane was slighter,can effectively delay the flag leaf senescence.The ridge-straw mulch planting can improve the latter part of maize leaves SOD activity,and decreased the value MDA,and prevented aging.On heading date in wheat,SPAD value ranked in the order of flat-srtraw mulch planting> ridge-straw mulch planting> bed-planting> flat planting.There was a significant difference or significant difference very between Straw mulching and other treatments,Descending speed of flat-srtraw mulch planting was slower than other treatments in the late growth stage.There was a very significant difference between straw mulch planting and other treatments on Late Filling Peroid in wheat.The flat-srtraw mulch planting of SOD activity of maize leaf has been highest,Descending speed was slower,the senescence of leaf was delayed,and can made leaf physiological function stronger in later growing period.Sixthly,Flat-srtraw mulch planting was the highest.,might attain over 6765.29 kg/hm² of wheat yield,and 3.06%higher than the lowest flat planting.The flat planting treatment achived a very significant difference.The ridge-straw mulch planting summer maize significantly increased the ear diameter,ear length,row grains,and reduced bald tip lenght.There was a very significant difference between ridge-straw mulch planting and other treatments.Ultimate yield manifested as:the yield was significant higher than other treatments,and increased 10.26%,4.24%,13.34%than bed-planting,flat-srtraw mulch planting,flat planting.Flat-srtraw mulch planting significantly increased the starch content of the wheat grain,the followinged treatment was ridge-straw mulch planting,Flat planting was the lowest. Protein Content ranked in the order of flat planting.> bed-planting > ridge-straw mulch planting > flat-srtraw mulch planting.Flat-srtraw mulch planting reduced the protein content of the grain.oil content of ridge-straw mulch planting maize was the highest,the traditional flat planting was the lowest.There was a significant difference between all streatments.there was a little different on protein content,the Starch content ranked in the order of ridge-straw mulch planting > flat-srtraw mulch planting > bed-planting >flat planting.There was a very significant difference between straw mulching and flat planting,and a significant difference between bed-planting and flat planting.