| Polygonatum.cyrtonema Hua,could be pharmaceutical as well as edible.Rich in essential amino acids and trace elements,it had the effects of tonifying Qi(nourish vitality),strengthening muscles and bones,lowering three-hypers(hypertension,hyperlipemia and hyperlycemia)and effectively enhancing the immune function of the human body.Polysaccharide was an important chemical component and the main biologically active element of polygonatum.In recent years,studies had proven that Polysaccharide had various pharmacological effects such as enhancing immune function,lowering blood lipid,anti-inflammatory and anti-virus.Due to its multi-functioning active nature,studies on its medical function were increasing.In this thesis,we set polygonatum as our subject of study and used the dried rhizome of polygonatum as the raw material.The purpose included optimizing the extraction and purification process of polygonatum and investigating the quality formation and the change pattern of main active ingredients,and also the changes of polysaccharides and functional activities in vitro antioxidant during the nine-steaming and nine-making process of polygonatum.The results of single-factor experiments and four-factor three-level orthogonal experiments for the extraction of polysaccharides under the determination of the processing conditions of Flos Chrysanthemi showed that the optimum extraction conditions for the polysaccharides of Flos Chrysanthemi were:the best extraction temperature--80℃,extraction time--3 hours,material-to-liquid ratio--15m L/g,p H of extraction solution--9.0,and polysaccharide extraction rate--45.3%.The nine-steaming and nine-making process extracts were prepared by normal-pressure steam and over-water,the polysaccharides were extracted by using the above-mentioned methods and further purified to obtain PSP-0(raw Polygonatum Polysaccharides flavus polysaccharide),PSP-1(triple-steamed triple-formed Polygonatum Polysaccharides flavus polysaccharide),PSP-2(six-steamed six-formed Polygonatum Polysaccharides.flavus polysaccharide)and PSP-3(nine-steamed nine-formed Polygonatum Polysaccharides flavus polysaccharide).The results showed that these polysaccharides were water-soluble;they were all found to contain acetylated or esterified glyoxylates.The molecular weight distribution of raw C.flavus polysaccharides was mainly concentrated in 6.71×10~5Da,among which there were some fractions with molecular weights less than 7.88×10~4Da and greater than 6.71×10~5Da in PSP-0,PSP-1,PSP-2 and PSP-3.The monosaccharide composition and molar ratio of raw polygonatum polysaccharides flavus polysaccharides were rhamnose:arabinose:xylose:mannose:glucose:galactose=0.08:0.23:1:4.18:1.31:0.26,and after nine steams,the monosaccharide composition and molar ratio of polygonatum polysaccharide became rhamnose:arabinose:xylose:mannose:glucose:galactose=2.69:3.23:1:10.53:5.93:79.12.The"color,fragrance,taste and shape"of the extracts were fully described and analyzed by sensory evaluation combined with colorimeter,gas chromatograph and SEM.Polygonatum.cyrtonema Hua was yellow with white,tight in structure and with obvious herbal odour.It was bitter and kind of tongue-numbing.The extract was acidic with a p H value of 5.7.After three steams and three preparations,the extract turned brownish-yellow,with a large number of round pores and a large pore size,a burnt smell and a sweet taste.The p H value of the extract became 3.4,and the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF)produced by the Melard reaction gradually increased during the steaming process,reaching the highest value at the ninth steaming stage. |
