Effect Of Different Jerusalem Artichoke Strawtomato Biomaterial Carbon On The Growth And Blight Of Continuous Crop Watermelons

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Mansfeld & Nakai] is a worldwide horticultural crop,and continuous cropping of watermelon is easy to cause wilt.This disease is a destructive fungal soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum(e.f.Smith)Snyder & Hansen)(FON for short),which can occur in all stages of watermelon growth and development.This disease has become one of the factors that seriously restrict the development of watermelon industry.Previous studies have shown that exogenous addition of biochar can improve the soil ecological environment,promote the growth of watermelon plants and inhibit the occurrence of watermelon wilt;The activity of biochars from different sources is different;Artichoke Biomaterial has different biological effects on tomato and other crops,and there are variety differences.In order to realize the ecological prevention and control of watermelon Fusarium wilt and develop effective ways to utilize Jerusalem artichoke straw resources,six kinds of biochars prepared from Jerusalem artichoke straw were selected as experimental materials to analyze and compare the differences in structure,specific surface area,C/N ratio and pore volume of different Jerusalem artichoke biochars.The effects of different Jerusalem artichoke biochars on the growth and Fusarium wilt of continuous cropping watermelon were studied in pot experiment.The effects of different Jerusalem artichoke biochars on the mycelium growth,spore germination and biomass of FON1 were studied under the condition of plate culture.The main results of this study are as follows(1)There are obvious differences in the characterization of biochar prepared from different Jerusalem artichoke germplasm resources;The C/N ratio,specific surface area and pore volume of biochar with stalk diameter of 0.3cm～0.4cm are high,but the yield of biochar is low.However,the specific surface area and pore volume of biochar with stalk diameter of 0.6cm～1.29 cm are lower,but the yield of biochar is higher.(2)Jerusalem artichoke biochar was added to the soil of watermelon continuous cropping according to 1.0% mass.The experimental results showed that Jerusalem artichoke biochar could promote the growth of watermelon plants,reduce the incidence and disease index of watermelon Fusarium wilt,and improve the activities of SOD and POD enzymes,but the effects of different Jerusalem artichoke biochar treatments were different.The effects of J03 and J13 biochars with thin stalks on promoting growth and inhibiting diseases of continuous cropping watermelon are better than other treatments,and J13 biochar treatment is the best.(3)Compared with the continuous cropping soil without biochar,the biochar treatment of Jerusalem artichoke straw significantly reduced the number of Fusarium oxysporum specialized in watermelon continuous cropping soil,but the effects were different among different biochar treatments,and the inhibition effect of J13 treatment was better than other treatments.(4)Different treatments of Artichoke Biomaterial had obvious inhibitory effects on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum specialized in watermelon,which mainly reduced the colony diameter,spore germination and mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum specialized in watermelon,but the inhibitory effects were different among different treatments,and J13 treatment had the best inhibitory effect on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum transformed in watermelon.(5)Through correlation analysis,it was found that the growth-promoting effect of Artichoke Biomaterial was positively correlated with higher C/N ratio,specific surface area and pore volume,and negatively correlated with pore size.The mycelium growth,spore germination and biomass increase of FON1 were negatively correlated with high specific surface area and pore volume,and positively correlated with pore size.To sum up,this study made it clear that burning straw biochar from different Jerusalem artichoke germplasm resources can inhibit the occurrence of Fusarium wilt of continuous cropping watermelon and promote the growth of continuous cropping watermelon seedlings,especially the underground growth of continuous cropping watermelon.However,the different stem diameters and bulk densities of different Jerusalem artichoke germplasm resources lead to different carbonized properties,and there are significant differences in the growth of continuous cropping watermelon and the control of Fusarium wilt.Through comparison,it is found that the germplasm resources with stem diameters ranging from 0.3 cm to 0.4 cm are superior to other germplasm resources,among which J13 germplasm resources have the best effect.