| Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial herb of the Sunflower genus,which has the advantages of high biomass yield,resistance of diseases and pests,and wide adaptability,and showing significant use in In medicine,food and industrial applications.Widely cultivated and abundant in China,and not competing with food,Jerusalem artichoke has great potential as a renewable biomass resource for use as an alternative energy source.Jerusalem artichoke leaves are rich in bioactive substances such as chlorogenic acid,the stalks is a high-quality lignocellulosic raw material,tubers can be a good source of inulin,and the whole plant can be used for the production and processing of high value products.This project is mainly concerned with the production and application prospects of high-value deep processing of Jerusalem artichoke whole plant from three aspects:Jerusalem artichoke leaves,Jerusalem artichoke stalks and Jerusalem artichoke tuber,and the main results are as follows:1.Extraction and optimization of chlorogenic acid in Jerusalem artichoke leaves and its biological activity researchThe chlorogenic acid in Jerusalem artichoke leaves was extracted by solvent extraction method,and the optimum processing conditions were:material/liquid ratio of 1:20,extraction temperature of 71°C,ethanol concentration of 62%,extraction time of 1.5 h.The extraction rate of chlorogenic acid was 1.5 h.The extraction rate of chlorogenic acid obtained by verified experiments is 3.31%,and the extraction efficiency is high,which is suitable for industrial production.The scavenging ability of chlorogenic acid extract on DPPH（1,1-diphenyl-2-hydrazidyl）radicals,ABTS（2,2’-biazo-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid）radicals,hydroxyl radicals and Fe3+reduction ability were determined,and the antioxidant resistance increased with the increase of sample concentration,and had a good efficacy relationship,indicating that the antioxidant active substances in Jerusalem artichoke leaves were mainly derived from chlorogenic acid,which could be further developed and utilized as antioxidant functional foods.2.Comparison of different pretreatment methods of Jerusalem artichoke stalks and its enzymatic hydrolysisThe main components and enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rates of Jerusalem artichoke stalks before and after alkali hydrogen peroxide（AHP）,low eutectic solvent（DES）and dilute acid-hydrothermal（DAH）pretreatment were analyzed,and it was found that pretreatment could reduce the hemicellulose and lignin content of Jerusalem artichoke to varying degrees,increase the proportion of cellulose,and improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency.The microstructure and physico-chemical properties of Jerusalem artichoke stalks samples were analysed before and after pre-treatment by scanning electron microscopy,infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analyser,X-ray diffraction and other characterisation methods.The results showed that the crystallinity and surface area of Jerusalem artichoke stalks after pretreatment increased,and the cellulose enrichment increased,which verified that pretreatment could remove some hemicellulose and lignin,and promote the enzymatic hydrolysis process to fully improve the enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rate.Research on the conversion of Jerusalem artichoke stalks to fuel ethanol before and after pretreatments shows that pretreatment can increase the ethanol yield of Jerusalem artichoke stalks and make it efficient for conversion to bioethanol.3.Preparation of inulin in Jerusalem artichoke tubers and investigation of its anti-Parkinson’s disease activityInulin was extracted and refined from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by ultrasound-assisted extraction,and the total sugar content in the inulin sample was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry as 0.8964 g,the inulin content was 0.7821 g.A zebrafish Parkinson’s（PD）model was established using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride（MPTP）,and the anti-Parkinson’s effect of inulin extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tubers was studied.Observations have shown that by using different concentrations of inulin extract in zebrafish brains,the loss of dopamine neurons can be reversed.In addition,inulin alleviated movement impairment in MPTP-induced PD zebrafish. |
