| The amount of fertilizers used in China’s agricultural production is large,the crop absorption and utilization of nutrients is low,and a large amount of chemical fertilizer inputs can easily cause serious problems such as agricultural surface pollution,soil quality decline and crop yield reduction.Therefore,how to improve soil quality and crop nutrient utilization efficiency is an urgent problem in agricultural production.The results of many studies have shown that AMF and biochar can play a positive role in improving crop yield and soil quality,but there are few studies on the effects of the interactions between AMF and biochar-based fertilizers on crop nutrient uptake and soil quality and the structural diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria communities.In this experiment,the effects of AMF intercropping with charcoal-based fertilizer on soybean yield,nutrient uptake,soil quality and community structure diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria were investigated by using soybean as the test crop in a field experiment.The results of this experiment were as follows:(1)The interaction between AMF and carbon-based fertilizer significantly promoted the growth and development of soybean.The dry matter accumulation,N,P and K uptake and accumulation were significantly promoted in all growth stages of soybean,and the yield components were also significantly increased.Compared with CK,CF,BF,AM + CK,AM + CF treatments,the yield of AM + BF treatments increased by 6.81% ～ 56.74%,the nitrogen accumulation of AM + BF treatments increased by 2.61% ～ 88.45% The accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in soybean increased by 5.42% ～ 81.93% and 10.71% ～ 84.6% respectively.The interaction between AMF and carbon-based fertilizer significantly increased the infection rate of mycorrhizal fungi in soybean root system at different growth stages,and significantly reduced the number of nodules at flowering,podding and seed-filling stages.(2)The interaction between AMF and carbon-based fertilizer also had significant effects on soybean soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities.Soil ammonium nitrogen under AM+BF treatment increased by 3.45% to 27.91% compared with other treatments.Compared with CK treatment,soil nitrate nitrogen increased by 8.74%,and decreased by 5.83% to 14.34% compared with other treatments.Soil available P increased by 17.05% and 42.09% compared with CK and AM+CK,and decreased by 34.40%,27.48% and 8.58% compared with CF,BF and AM+CF,respectively.Soil available potassium was decreased compared with AM+CF treatment,but increased compared with other treatments.In addition to affecting soil nutrient content,soil urease and neutral phosphatase activities were significantly increased,with soil urease activity increasing from 7.47% to 47.43%compared to the other treatments;and soil neutral phosphatase activity increasing from 6.18% to19.06% compared to the other treatments.And the results of two-way ANOVA showed a significant interaction between AMF inoculation level and fertilizer application type on soil nutrient and enzyme activities(p<0.05).(3)AMF interaction with charcoal-based fertilizer significantly increased the community structure diversity of soybean soil inter-rhizosphere N-fixing bacteria,and AM+BF treatment significantly increased the Alpha diversity of N-fixing bacteria.The community structure diversity analysis revealed that at the phylum level,the dominant phylum of soybean soil inter-rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria was Proteobacteria,which accounted for more than 90% of the total number of treatments;at the genus level,Bradyrhizobium and Skermanella were the dominant genera among the treatments.The percentage of Bradyrhizobium and Skermanella were the dominant genera among the treatments,ranging from 63.88% to 91.69% and 2.89% to 14.54%,respectively.The AM+BF treatment significantly reduced the abundance of Bradyrhizobium and increased the abundance of Skermanella.The correlation analysis also showed that Bradyrhizobium was significantly negatively correlated with the number of soybean root nodules and positively correlated with the rate of mycorrhizal infestation,while Skermanella was significantly positively correlated with the number of soybean root nodules and negatively correlated with the rate of mycorrhizal infestation.From the above,it can be seen that this experiment verified that AMF and biochar-based fertilizer have a good interaction through biological pathways,and play a positive role in promoting soil fertility,promoting crop nutrient uptake and regulating the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacterial community columns.Moreover,the synergistic effect of AMF and biochar-based fertilizer can improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of crops,thus reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers applied,reducing the problems of agricultural surface pollution and soil quality degradation caused by excessive fertilizer application,and laying a certain practical and theoretical foundation for healthy and sustainable soil utilization and efficient crop production. |
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