Morphological Taxonomy Of Whiteflies From China (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)

Whitefly belongs to Family Aleyrodidae in Suborder Sternorrhyncha of Order Hemiptera,and it is a kind of piercing-sucking insect widely distributed in the major animal areas of the world.Whiteflies are important pests and plant virus vectors in world agricultural and forestry production.The current taxonomy or classification of whiteflies mainly depends on the morphological characteristics of the fourth instar nymphs("pseudopupal",taxonomically known as "pupal case"),and the descriptions of the morphological characteristics of some species is incomplete.In this paper,morphological redescriptions or revisions of pupal cases were made to the missing features or unclear,incomplete and simple description for 24 species of whiteflies collected in China,and taking four species as an example,morphological characteristics of whitefly adults were observed and studied in details in an attempt of to use them in classification of Aleurodidae.(1)Revision of the "pupal case" morphological characteristics of Aleurodidae from ChinaThe morphology of 24 species of whitefly pupae from 11 genera collected from Henan,Shanxi,Hunan,Guangdong,Guangxi and Jiangxi were studied by of ultradepth microscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM).Features that are described simply or incorrectly are redescribed.identification keys of genus and species of Aleurodinae were prepared,and line illustrations,ecological photographs,slide photographs,and SEM photos were provided.(2)Studies of whitefly adult morphologyFour species belonging to four genera of the family Aleurodinae were studied by sultra-depth microscope and SEM.They are Dialeurodes citri(Ashmead),and Dialeuropora photiniana(Young et Chen),Aleurolobus osmanthi Young,and Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)were recorded and observed in detail,and the characteristics of body color,wing spots,antennae,compound eyes,mouth parts(stylets),mesopodium and genitalia were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the four species of whiteflies in this study can be distinguished based on adult characteristics such as body color,wing spots and compound eyes,while the distribution of sensilla in each section of the antenna,the number and arrangement of setae on the tibia segment of the mesopodium and the male external genitalia could be used for identification by scanning electron microscopy.