| China is the largest wheat producer and consumer in the world.The high and stable yield of wheat is the basic demand for social stability and sustainable development.In recent years,wheat scab and stripe rust have been listed as a class of pests and diseases by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.The occurrence trend is becoming more and more serious,showing the characteristics of large area,high frequency,strong explosiveness,large loss and difficult prevention and control,which poses a serious threat to wheat production.In order to solve the problems existing in wheat breeding,such as the lack of new germplasm with resistance to scab and stripe rust,and the unclear information of quality traits and genotypes.A total of 258 newly bred wheat germplasms at home and abroad were selected for FHB resistance expansion identification by single flower infusion combined with mist moisturizing method for two consecutive years from 2020 to 2021 and 2021 to 2022,and the resistance of mixed bacteria dominated by CYR34,a highly virulent physiological race of stripe rust,was identified by shaking powder method.The related molecular markers of scab resistance,stripe rust resistance and quality genes were used to detect the tested materials,and the agronomic traits and main quality traits of the tested materials were determined at maturity.1.The results of scab resistance identification showed that 52 and 24 new germplasms were resistant(R)and moderately resistant(MR)to scab,accounting for20.16 % and 9.30 %,respectively;the resistance of 21 and 161 new germplasms to FHB reached moderate susceptibility(MS)and susceptibility(S),accounting for8.14 % and 62.40 %,respectively.The results of molecular detection of scab resistance genes showed that 35 new germplasms carried Fhb1,accounting for 13.57 %,13 new germplasms carried Fhb2,accounting for 5.04 %,21 new germplasms carried Fhb4,accounting for 8.14 %,50 new germplasms carried Fhb5,accounting for 19.38 %,2new germplasms carried Fhb7,accounting for 0.78 %.The results of comprehensive agronomic traits showed.Among the 258 new wheat germplasms,Yunong 903,Zhou4013,Xumai 19250,Chuannuomai 1314,Yang 15-129,Bainong 4199,Bainong 418,Yunong 903 S,Yunong 904,Yunong 921,Bainong 4299 R,Nanhuaimai,Chuanmai 1456,Mianmai 903,and Xumai 17223 were resistant to FHB,and the main agronomic traits such as plant height,whole plant weight,spike number per plant,grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight were better.It can be improved and utilized as a new germplasm with excellent resistance to scab.2.The results of stripe rust inoculation identification showed that the resistance of4 and 30 new germplasms to the strong virulent physiological race of stripe rust reached high resistance(HR)and medium resistance(MR),accounting for 1.55 % and11.63 %,respectively;108 and 116 of CYR34 showed moderate(MS)and high(HS),accounting for 41.86 % and 44.96 %,respectively.The results of molecular detection of stripe rust resistance gene showed that 25 new germplasms carried Yr ZH84,accounting for 9.69 %.44 materials carried Yr ZH84.2,accounting for 17.05 %,21 materials carried Yr ZH22,accounting for 8.14 %;42 materials carried Yr5,accounting for 16.28 %;35 materials carried Yr15,accounting for 13.57 %;31 materials carried Yr30,accounting for 12.02 %;Yr36 was not found in all materials.The results of comprehensive agronomic traits showed that 14 new germplasms such as Mianmai 903,Jiangmai 181,Zhongkemai 13,Zhengmai 179,Chuannuo 1314,Yunong 912,Chuanyu31,Chuannong 32,Mianmai 161,Shumai 1868,Chuanmai 84,Xike 475,Nanmai 941 and Tianmin 339 were resistant to stripe rust,and the main agronomic traits such as plant height,whole plant weight,panicle number per plant,grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight were better,which could be improved and utilized as excellent new germplasms resistant to stripe rust.3.The results of quality traits showed that the order of variation coefficient of each quality was hardness > gluten index > sedimentation value > wet gluten content >protein content.The main quality traits of 6、39、205 and 8 new wheat germplasms reached the standards of strong gluten,medium strong gluten,medium gluten and weak gluten,respectively.50 samples carried By8 gene,accounting for 19.38%,118 samples carried Dx5 gene,accounting for 45.74%.Based on the comprehensive analysis of wheat disease resistance,agronomic traits and main quality traits,Chuankuan 20,Chuanmai 1694,Mianmai 903,Zhengmai 179,Chuannuomai 1314 and Yunong 912 had the outstanding advantages of high quality,resistance to scab and stripe rust,and excellent agronomic traits,which could be used as excellent new germplasm in wheat genetic breeding in the future. |
PDF Full Text Request