Analysis Of Metabolites Change In Wheat Domestication Process Based On Novel Widely Targeted Metabolomics

Metabolomics is a powerful tool to reveal intrinsic changes in plants,and it is the closest omics to biological phenotypes that can be used to understand intrinsic physiological changes in plants caused by domestication.Common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is one of the three major food crops in the world.To adapt to environmental changes and meet human needs,the yield and quality of wheat have been greatly improved during the domestication process.For example,nutrition,quality,stress tolerance,etc.However,how the metabolome is reshaped during wheat domestication remains unclear.Through the development of a new broadtargeted metabolomics platform for crop metabolite detection,this study achieved rapid processing of metabolomics data and accurate annotation of metabolites,comprehensively evaluated the metabolite changes of cultivated and wild species of wheat,emmer wheat,and common wheat,and explored the metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers that influence wheat domestication.To explore the evolution of metabolites and the utilization value of wild germplasm for wheat quality improvement,and to provide technical support for wheat germplasm improvement.The main results are as follows:(1)Establishment of a local wheat database and a new broadly targeted metabolomics platform.Through Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Q Exactive Mass Spectrometry(UPLC-QE-MS)detection,a large number of metabolites with secondary mass spectrometry characteristics were mined from the grain of 24 wheat materials.Combined with the database previously established by our laboratory,a total of 846 metabolites were identified,a local wheat database was established,and a novel widely targeted metabolomics platform for crop metabolite detection was developed.To achieve rapid processing of metabolomics data and accurate annotation of metabolites.Based on the platform,the metabolic phenotypes of 24 wheat varieties were analyzed,which was consistent with the genetic relationship of wheat evolution and domestication,and fully demonstrated the biological differences between different materials,which laid a reliable method foundation for the exploration of the metabolism of wheat domestication.(2)Metabolic characteristics of domesticated wheat varieties based on a novel widely targeted metabolomics platform.A novel widely targeted metabolomics analysis was carried out on the mature grains of seven cultivated and wild species of one-grain wheat,emmer wheat,and common wheat.A total of 498 metabolites were identified,with an average coefficient of variation of 27.84%.The principal component analysis and cluster analysis results showed that wild and cultivated species were significantly different.The metabolome of wheat changed significantly from wild to cultivated species.(3)Explore the changes in metabolites and important metabolic pathways during wheat domestication.Modern wheat cultivars are rich in carbohydrates.Wild germplasm emmer wheat is rich in primary metabolites of amino acids,nucleotides,and phenolamides,macha wheat is rich in secondary metabolites of flavonoids and phenolamides.Metabolome results showed that domestication process caused the decline of wheat quality,stress resistance and other good characters.The domestication of einkorn wheat up-regulated several vitamin synthesis pathways,the domestication of emmer wheat and common wheat down-regulated several metabolites related to quality and stress resistance in amino acid pathways.Wheat domestication affected the purine metabolism pathways of einkorn wheat,emmer wheat,and common wheat.Domestication affects multiple metabolic pathways in wheat,indicating that domestication is a complex process of genetic variation.(4)Biomarkers mining of wheat domestication process.Through advanced Venn chart analysis and S-plot test,six potential biomarkers related to wheat domestication were screened and verified,including D-raffinose,trigonelline,DIMBOA,xanthosine,tricin 7-rutinoside-4’-glucoside and 6-methylquinoline,which provided a new basis for identifying wild germplasm and cultivated germplasm.It is of great significance to promote the genetic improvement of wheat.In future studies,we can combine genomics and transcriptomes to further explore the domestication-related genes and biological mechanisms,providing new ideas and methods for wheat breeding.