Study On Green Prevention And Control Technology Of The Main Insect Pests In Luochuan Apple Production Area

Green control technology of apple pests has become a trend with the development of modern,healthy,and sustainable agriculture.The efficacies of insect pheromones,natural enemies,and yellow boards on the control of apple pests were investigated in an apple orchard at the Luochuan Apple Production Area.This study provides a reference for producing green,pollution-free apples.1.To clarify the efficacy of insect sex pheromones on the control of Spodoptera litura and explore its application,6,10,14,and 18 traps were arranged every 667 m~2 during the apple growing season.Ten traps placed every 667 m~2 were effective for monitoring and controlling(average control rate of 57.2%)the occurrence of S.litura.Therefore,insect sex pheromones can be used before winter to monitor first-generation S.litura,while low toxicity chemical pesticides with a long working duration should be applied during the peak period.2.To study the efficacy of insect sex pheromones on the control of Carposina niponensis and explore its application,6,10,14,and 18 traps were arranged every 667 m~2during the apple growing season.Six traps placed every 667 m~2effectively prevented and controlled the occurrence of C.niponensis(occurrence rate=0.9%).3.To study the control of Harmonia axyridis on apple yellow aphids,100,200,and 400H.axyridis were released every 667 m~2 during the apple growing season.As results,400 H.axyridis placed every 667 m~2 led to an optimal control rate of apple yellow aphids(up to75.9%).This method can be used to effectively control aphids and increase the number of natural ladybug enemies,thus optimizing the ecological environment of the orchard.4.To investigate the efficacy of yellow boards for controlling apple yellow aphids,10yellow boards were arranged every 667 m~2 during the apple growing season.As results,the yellow boards had negligible effects on the control of yellow apple aphids.Among the non-target pests,Drosophila,Sarcophagidae and leafhopper were effectively eliminated.As aphid predators,such as H.axyridis,syrphids,green lacewing and snakefly tend to approach yellow substances,yellow boards should not be used during the peaks of natural enemies.Additionally,pollinating bees will die if yellow boards are used during flowering.In summary,pest control using yellow boards is a broad-spectrum method as it does not distinguish pests from beneficial insects.Therefore,yellow boards should not be used during the apple flowering period or in orchard with good natural enemy ecology.