Quality Analysis Of ’Royal Gala’ And GL-3 Apple Fruit

’Royal Gala’ is a concentrated red apple variety introduced from New Zealand.After years of cultivation and improvement,it shows good stress resistance and adaptability.It is an excellent variety of apple with high yield,early fruit and high quality.It will play a vital role in improving the development level of Chinese apple industry and the competitiveness of international market by screening suitable apple hybrid offspring,mastering the hybridization rules,obtaining ideal apple traits and breeding better varieties.The College of Horticulture of Shenyang Agricultural University selected ’Royal Galla’ as the mother,cultured the naturally fertilized ’Royal Galla’ seeds,screened the in vitro seedlings,and selected a clone named GL-3,which had high proliferation ability,normal leaf shape and smooth leaf surface.Research on the fresh food quality of GL-3 apples is still limited.Therefore,’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apples are selected as research objects to analyze the quality differences between them,and to provide a reliable basis for the quality of GL-3 apples.This study will help to better understand the quality characteristics of GL-3 apples and provide reference for the development of high-quality apple varieties in the future.In this experiment,the apple fruits of ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 were picked at 30,60,90 and 120 days after flowering,and the quality of the apples at each period after flowering was determined.The main research results are as follows:1.At 120 days after flowering(i.e.,harvesting period),there was no significant difference in fruit phenotype,single fruit weight and fruit shape index between ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3apples,and the fruit hardness of ’Royal Gala’ was significantly higher than that of GL-3apples.2.From 30 to 120 days after flowering,the soluble solid content,soluble sugar content and solid acid ratio of ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apple fruits showed an increasing trend,while the titratable acid content showed a decreasing trend.At 120 days after flowering,the soluble solid content and soluble sugar content of ’Royal Gala’ apples were significantly higher than those of GL-3 apples,but there was no significant difference between titrable acid and solid acid ratio.3.From 30 to 120 days after flowering,the fructose content and sucrose content of’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apple fruits showed an increasing trend,the glucose content first decreased and then increased,and the starch content first decreased and then increased.At120 days after flowering,the fructose content,glucose content and sucrose content of ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apples were significantly higher than those of GL-3 apples,but starch content had no significant difference.4.The malic acid content and citric acid content of ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apple fruits showed a decreasing trend from 30 to 120 days after flowering.At 120 days after flowering,there was no significant difference in malic acid and citric acid content between ’Royal Gala’and GL-3 apples.5.From 30 to 120 days after flowering,the total phenolic content of ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apple fruits showed a decreasing trend.At 120 days after flowering,there was no significant difference in total phenolic content between ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apple fruits.6.From 30 to 120 days after flowering,the malondialdehyde(MDA)content of ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apple fruits showed an increasing trend,the activities of peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)first increased and then decreased,and the activity of catalase(CAT)showed a decreasing trend.At 120 days after flowering,malondialdehyde content and peroxidase activity of ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apples were significantly higher than those of GL-3 apples,but there was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity.7.From 30 to 120 days after flowering,the contents and types of volatile aroma components of ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apple fruits showed an increasing trend,and the esters such as butyl acetate and hexyl acetate in GL-3 apples were significantly higher than those in ’Royal Gala’ apples.However,alcohols and aldehydes such as n-hexyl alcohol,n-hexal and(E)-2-hexenal GL-3 apple were significantly lower than ’Royal Gala’ apple.The above results showed that there was no significant difference in the appearance quality of ’Royal Gala’ and GL-3 apples,the sugar content of ’Royal Gala’ apples was higher than GL-3 apples,the acid content of ’Royal Gala’ apples had no significant difference,and the two kinds of flavor quality had no significant difference.The antioxidant activity of GL-3 apple fruit is better than that of ’Royal Gala’.Among the volatile aromas,GL-3 apples have a richer fruity flavor and sweetness.