Determination,Origin And Dietary Risk Assessment Of Matrine-type Alkaloids In Honeys

The residue of risk substances in honey not only affects the honey trade but also may endanger human health.This study established a sensitive and accurate detection method for matrine-type alkaloids,which are new risk substances in honey and analyzed the content and source of matrine-type alkaloids in honey.In addition,the dietary exposure risks of matrine and oxymatrine to humans were evaluated.1.A method for the simultaneous determination of matrine,oxymatrine,sophocarpine,and sophoridine in honey by solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was established.Samples were prepared by solid phase extraction and quantified by external standard method.Within the linear range of each target,the correlation coefficient of the method was>0.999,and the limit of detection was 0.6 to 3.0μg/kg;At the four spiked concentration levels,the average recovery was 94.5%～103.1%,with a relative standard deviation of≤6.1%.2.The established method was applied to 567 batches of honey samples.The results showed that 61.0%of honey samples detected matrine-type alkaloids,with a detection content ranging from 0.7 to 2774μg/kg.All Sophora viciifolia Hance honey samples were detected,with an average content of 1183.3μg/kg;The detection rate in Tibet and northwest China was all over 80%,which was significantly related to the distribution of S.viciifolia Hance.In addition,the matrine-type alkaloids in the fruits and flowers of S.viciifolia Hance were as high as 7.06 g/kg and 2.65 g/kg,respectively.The pollen analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the concentration of matrine-type alkaloids and the pollen frequency of S.viciifolia Hance(R~2=0.7745)in representative Acacia honey samples.Therefore,it can be concluded that the matrine-type alkaloids in Chinese honey are derived from the nectariferous plant S.viciifolia Hance.3.Referring to toxicological and clinical research data,the acute reference dose of matrine was calculated to be 1.2 mg/kg bw/d,and the acute reference dose and acceptable daily intake of oxymatrine were both 2 mg/kg bw/d.The dietary intake risk of matrine and oxymatrine in honey was assessed using Risk Quotient.The results showed that the short-term and long-term Risk Quotients of matrine and oxymatrine in honey were both<0.2%,indicating an acceptable risk to human health.This study established a method for the determination of four matrine-type alkaloids in honey,reported their content levels in 27 regions and 13 honey types in China,and revealed the sources and dietary risks of matrine-type alkaloids in honey,which can provide methodological and data support for ensuring honey trade and monitoring safety risks.