Effects Of Supplementary Feeding Fermented Soybean Meal On Intestinal Microflora And Fecal Metabolites Of Yili Horse

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary feeding fermented soybean meal on intestinal microflora diversity,bacterial composition and fecal metabolites of Yili foals,so as to explore the application effect of fermented soybean meal in the development of special feed for Yili foals,and to provide theoretical basis for the development of special feed for Yili foals and the health of digestive system.Fifteen 12-month-old Yili foals with similar body condition and no history of digestive diseases were randomly divided into three groups with five horses in each group.Control group,experimental groups I and II were added with 5% common soybean meal,2.5% common soybean meal +2.5% fermented soybean meal and 5% fermented soybean meal on the basis of hay and ordinary concentrate diet,respectively.Prefeeding lasted for 7 days,and the experiment lasted for 56 days.Effects of Supplementary Feeding fermented soybean Meal on Intestinal microflora of Yili Foals: Rectal fecal samples of foals were collected aseptically on day 0d and 56 d respectively.Microbial DNA was extracted from all samples,followed by PCR amplification,PCR product quantification,mixing and library construction.Illumina Mi Seq technology was used to obtain the effective sequence number,ASV number,Chao1 index,Observed Species,Shannon index and Simposon index of each group of samples,and to detect the top 10 species in phylum,family and genus.Effects of supplementary feeding fermented soybean meal on fecal metabolites of Yili foals: Fecal samples were collected on day 56 of the experiment,and metabolites were extracted.Qualitative and quantitative metabolites were determined by LC-MS technology,and bioabsorbability analysis was performed finally through multidimensional statistical analysis and identification and screening of metabolites with significant differences.The test results are as follows:Effects of supplementary feeding fermented soybean meal on intestinal microflora of Yili foals.The results showed as follows: 1)A total of 2672029 NO.Effective sequences and 32234 ASVs(Amplicon sequence patterns)were acquired.2)With the increase of foal age,Observed species in the control group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and aroma index in test group I decreased significantly(P<0.05).3)the ili horse advantage bacterium including thick wall door,bacteria-the bacteroidetes door,door,the door spirochete deformation,warts micro bacteria,fiber coli door,with the increase of pony months,experimental bacteroidetes and spirochete was increased,the test thick-walled door,the door deformation bacteria and warts micro bacteria door slightly downward trend compared with control group.4)At family level,ruminococcus in test group II was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),streptococcus in test group II was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05),dithylobacter in test group I was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),prevotellaceae in test group II was extremely significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.01).5)At the genus level,the genus of helicobacter flutter in test group II was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01),the genus of Streptococcus in test group II was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05),and the genus of Prevotella in test groups I and II was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Effects of supplementary feeding fermented soybean meal on intestinal microflora of Yili foals.The results show: 1)A total of 572 differential metabolites were screened out,including 574 significant differential metabolites.These metabolites include galangin,3,4-methylenedioxy-2 ’,4’-dimethoxy chalcone,3-hydroxy tetradecanoic acid,4-[(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxygen]-4-oxybutyric acid,(2S)-2-amino-8-hydroxyl acid,3-hydroxy octanoic acid,etc.2)The metabolic pathways with significant differences between test group I and control group mainly included Arginine biosynthesis,Tryptophan metabolism,Bile secretion and Lysine degradation Degradation)and Pertussis;Tyrosine metabolism,ABC transporters,Glycine,serine and Threonine metabolism were significantly different between experimental group II and control group.Serine and threonine metabolism,Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism,and Phenylalanine metabolism Metabolism,Pertussis,Dopaminergic synapse,Insulin secretion,HIF-1 signaling pathway,etc.There were significant differences in Bile secretion,Synaptic vesicle cycle and Cholinergic metabolic pathways between trial groups II and I Synapse,Dopaminergic synapse,Insulin secretion,Gastric acid secretion,Pancreatic secretion Pituitary),Salivary secretion and other pathways.Dietary fermented soybean meal can effectively improve intestinal microflora diversity and species composition of Yili foals.Fermented soybean meal regulates various metabolic pathways through up-regulation or down-regulation of metabolites.It mainly involves the biosynthesis,metabolism and degradation of amino acids such as arginine,lysine,tryptophan,tyrosine,glycine,serine and threonine to regulate the secretion of bile,dopamine,insulin,gastric acid,pancreatic juice and saliva.It can improve the body’s anti-inflammatory and immune capacity,promote digestion and energy metabolism,and has positive significance for the nutrition absorption and health of horses.