Study Of Production Performance,Nutritional Value And Economic Benefits In Alfalfa Under Different Planting Patterns In Southern Xinjiang

The alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)planted in the windy and sandy areas of southern Xinjiang grows slowly at the seedling stage and has a low survival rate affected by the windy sand.The planting method of wheat(Triticum aestivum)-protected alfalfa is generally adopted.In order to explore an optimal planting model with high resource utilization efficiency,good economic benefits and suitable for local promotion and development.This study taked the main planting patterns of alfalfa in southern Xinjiang as the starting point,and taked wheat and alfalfa as the research objects,and selected 5 local planting patterns of alfalfa.Respectively M1(winter wheat replanted with alfalfa),M2(winter wheat replanted with alfalfa),M3(wheat stubble land replanted with alfalfa),M4(wheat stubble land replanted with alfalfa,35 days later than M3 model alfalfa replanting),M5(spring wheat replanted with alfalfa).The yield and constituent elements of alfalfa under different planting modes,nutritional value and forage value,soil nutrient changes and economic benefits were studied.The main results were as follows:(1)In terms of forage yield and nutritional value,compared with M1 and M2 modes,alfalfa in M1mode had more advantages in plant height,stem diameter,density and crude protein content.The M2model had lower neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)content,higher dry matter intake(DMI),relative feeding value(RFV)and dry-to-fresh ratio.However,there was no significant difference in the ratio of stem to leaf and dry matter yield of alfalfa under the two modes.This indicated that the intercropping of winter wheat and the multi-cropping alfalfa model had no significant effect on the forage yield although there were differences in growth characteristics and nutritional value in the following year.Compared with the three modes of M3,M4 and M5,the stem thickness and density of the M3 and M4 modes are higher than those of the M5 mode.The M5 model was higher than the M3and M4 models in terms of dry-to-fresh ratio,total dry matter yield and crude protein content.This shows that compared with the winter wheat stubble multi-planting alfalfa,spring wheat protection alfalfa sowing has a greater advantage.(2)In terms of soil nutrients,there were no significant differences in soil nutrients between the M1and M2 models,and between the M3,M4 and M5 models,indicating that intercropping and multiple cropping had less impact on soil nutrients in the short term.(3)In terms of economic benefits,the net income of the M1 and M2 models was relatively low in the year of establishment,but in the second year,alfalfa showed obvious yield advantages,and the gain effect was obvious.Compared with other planting modes,the net income of the M5 mode in the year of sowing is 12,146.75 yuan/hm~2,which has considerable economic benefits.In summary,the M5 model was sown with silage corn in the first year,and spring wheat was implemented with alfalfa in the following year.The gains in terms of dry-to-fresh ratio,total dry matter yield,crude protein content,organic matter,soil available nutrients and economic benefits are more obvious,suitable for local promotion and cultivation.