The Practice Of Straw Utilization In Farming:a Report From Dongxin Farm

Straw resources are a precious biomass energy source,second only to coal,oil and natural gas in terms of total energy value.China’s " 14th Five-Year Plan" points out that promoting the green transformation of agriculture is one of the priorities of the party and government in the next five years,and promoting the rational use of straw resources is the core point of the green transformation of agriculture.Rational use of straw resources in line with the development of the times,since the last century,the country advocates straw back to the field,around the longterm full field of straw in the context of the full amount of straw back to the field,the pressure to return gradually increased,the negative impact gradually revealed,in recent years,the use of straw away from the field phenomenon,but there are also policy,technology and revenue problems.Both the traditional straw return to the field and the new straw off-field model face serious challenges.In this thesis,we evaluate and compare the two types of straw recycling and off-farm industrialization to find out the sustainable use of straw resources on farm,taking Dongxin Farm of Jiangsu Reclamation Group as the observation point.The main findings of the study are as follows:(1)Taking Dongxin Farm as the case site,through field research and archival data collection,collation and analysis,we sorted out the chronological evolution characteristics of straw resource utilization on the farm since its establishment,and found that:in terms of technology,the farm went through the stage process from indirect return to the field→ direct return to the field→ diversified development,and in terms of policy,the main policy objectives of the farm went through the process from achieving straw burning ban straw return to the field→developing straw off-field in terms of policy,the main policy objectives of farms have gone through the process of change from achieving straw burning ban→straw return to the field→development of straw off-site utilization.Recently,there is a trend for farms to change from traditional straw return to straw off-site,and related enterprises have been developed to a certain extent,but the industry chain is short,the technology content is low,the planning is not meticulous,and the subsidies are also small.(2)In order to make a comprehensive judgment on the advantages and disadvantages of returning straw to the field and leaving straw from the field,this thesis constructs a resource utilization sustainability evaluation index system,selecting four categories of indicators:productivity,economic efficiency,environmental impact and ground strength sustainability,and using the data of Dongxin Farm’s historical rice and wheat production summary,production and management indicators,air quality bulletin,and the multi-year positioning test of the farm’s agricultural science institute to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of returning straw to the field and leaving straw from the field.The study found that in the short term,straw can increase rice production and reduce the cost of rice production to a certain extent,thus achieving an increase in mu efficiency,but the long-term effect is unknown.The average increase in rice yield was 8.68%,the average decrease in production cost was 6.5%,and the average increase in mu benefit was 33.3%under wheat straw leaving the field compared to straw returning to the field.In terms of environmental impact,straw off-farm has certain advantages,mainly in further reducing PM10 and PM2.5 pollutant concentrations,improving the good air quality rate,as well as having obvious greenhouse gas emission reduction advantages.In terms of geotechnical sustainability,straw returning to the field helps to improve soil fertility and maintain stable soil fertility,while straw leaving the field leads to a decrease in soil fertility,mainly in terms of organic matter,alkaline decomposed nitrogen,fast-acting phosphorus and fast-acting potassium content.In terms of economic benefits,the straw return method makes rice production need to increase the cost of 630～1170 RMB per hectare,and the subsidized wheat straw return will increase the cost of rice 255～795 RMB per hectare;and through the straw off-site method,although the straw off-site collection and storage of all aspects of the cumulative increase in operating costs 1157.1～1581.5 RMB per hectare,but for the main planting body,can obtain 75～150 RMB per hectare subsidy,while the straw harvesting and storage main body collects wheat straw can gain 54.9～1745.5 RMB per hectare.It can be seen that in the short term,wheat straw leaving the field compared to straw returning to the field is not only beneficial to soil tillage and rice planting,but also ecofriendly and can save cost and increase efficiency,while in the long term it may need to increase fertilizer input and affect economic returns.(3)Through literature research and case analysis,we summarize the practical experience of domestic and foreign farms in using straw resources,and find that the international way of straw resources utilization is largely dominated by straw return to the field recycling,and straw off-field industrial utilization is an effective supplement,and straw off-field industrial utilization is diverse,environmentally friendly,highly profitable and has great room for development,summarizing the inspiration for the rational utilization of straw resources in Dongxin Farm.(4)On the basis of the historical review of straw utilization and the evaluation and comparison of two types of practical solutions,based on the basic agricultural conditions of Dongsin Farm and the inspiration from domestic and foreign practical experiences,we plan the future action plan for the optimal utilization of straw resources on the farm,propose the"Dongsin mode" for the development and utilization of straw resources,and design the implementation route for the optimal utilization of straw resources.It also divides the farm into three major zones,namely the core area for rice stubble and wheat straw removal,the cooperative area for straw removal and thermoelectricity,and the main area for straw return to the field,and formulates a guideline program for the development of the categories,as well as supporting policies and measures to promote the smooth implementation of the program.This case report can provide farm-level point experience to support the choice of options for optimal utilization of regional crop straw resources.