| Tiller mustard(Brassica juncea.var.multiceps Tsen et Lee)is a variety of leaf mustard,also known as potherb mustard,widely adaptable,now cultivated throughout the country.In recent years,with the rapid development of pickles industry in China,the market demand for tiller mustard has increased greatly.However,at present,tiller mustard in China is mostly local varieties with single species and serious degradation of varieties,which reduces the yield and quality of mustard.Therefore,it is the primary goal of breeders to improve the varieties of tiller mustard and cultivate new varieties of tiller mustard with high quality and high yield.In this study,using cytoplasmic male sterile line 36 A as female parent and nine inbred lines as male parent,nine hybrid combinations of tiller mustard were prepared by top crossing method.The heterosis of agronomic and quality traits of the nine hybrid combinations was analyzed,and three crosses with excellent comprehensive traits were screened out.Further,the “one year and two points” variety comparison test was carried out in Wuhan and Hangzhou,the main production areas of tiller mustard.Through analysis of agronomic and yield traits,the tiller mustard varieties suitable for planting in the two ecological sites were screened out.The main research results are as follows:1.Genetic diversity analysis of Tiller Mustard.Through field agronomic traits survey and cluster analysis,39 tiller mustard inbred lines were divided into 4 groups.The first group included 14 tiller mustard inbred lines,the second group included 21 tiller mustard inbred lines,the third group had only 1 tiller mustard inbred lines,and the fourth group included 3 tiller mustard inbred lines.It shows that there are some differences among different tiller inbred lines.Nine inbred lines with excellent comprehensive characters,19J-424,19J-426,19J-435,19J-436,19J-438,19J-439,19J-440,19J-442 and19J-444,were selected successfully to make cross combinations.2.Heterosis analysis of main agronomic traits.Nine tiller mustard hybrid combinations were analyzed and the results showed that there were positive or negative superstandard dominance among different traits.And heterosis of yield-related traits was obvious.Among them the tiller mustard hybrid 21-H-9 had the strongest heterosis in plant weight and reduced yield,with superstandard advantages of 60.74% and 61.08%,respectively.21-H-1、21-H-5 and 21-H-8 had 41.46%、27.46% and 17.09% superstandard advantage in reduced yield,respectively.In addition,21-H-4 had better comprehensive traits and was the most tolerant to mosses.3.Heterosis analysis of main quality characters.In this study,quality traits of 9cross combinations were analyzed,and it was found that most of the quality traits showed negative superstandard superiority,and the heterosis of quality traits was weak.Among them,hybrid combination 21-H-1 showed positive superstandard advantage in soluble sugar and water content.21-H-9 and 21-H-5 showed positive superstandard advantage in soluble protein content,which was 2.40% and 0.08%,respectively.21-H-9 also showed positive superstandard advantage in VC content,which was 1.77%,but it showed negative superstandard advantage in soluble sugar,which was 0.22% lower than CK.Compared with CK,the water content of 21-H-1 and 21-H-4 increased by 0.42% and1.28%,respectively.Low water content is favorable for processing.4.Comparative experiment of tiller mustard varieties.The results showed that:(1)In Wuhan and Hangzhou,the changes of botanical characters were relatively stable,but there were significant differences in agronomic characters.The coefficient of variation of Wuhan test sites ranged from 8.09% to 24.09%.The maximum coefficient of variation was per plant weight,and the minimum was plant width.In Hangzhou,the coefficient of variation ranged from 5.63% to 15.80%.The rosette number was the highest,and the plant height was the lowest.(2)A significant analysis was made on the agronomic and yield traits of 6 tiller mustard materials in each plot of the two ecological regions.There was no significant difference in agronomic traits between each plot of the same test site,but there was a significant difference between the two test sites in Wuhan and Hangzhou,indicating that the data fluctuated greatly between the two test sites.(3)The comparison of agronomic traits between Wuhan and Hangzhou test sites showed that: the 21 D had the best comprehensive traits in Hangzhou test site,which was suitable for planting in Hangzhou.Hybrid 21 C had the best growth,with the largest number of rosettes and tillers,and the highest weight and yield per plant.It is suitable for planting in Wuhan. |
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