Study On Variety Comparison And Regional Test Research Between Six Hybrid Lines Of Litchi

Litchi chinensis Sonn.,a plant of Litchi department of Sapindaceae,is one of the characteristic fruits which is China’s most international competitiveness and vast export prospects.The current breeding work of litchi has been carried out more,but the work mainly focused on seed selection,and it’s difficult to breed varieties with staggered maturity,high quality,and large fruit,stable high yield.The sexual hybridization is expected to overcome the limitations of seed selection,and to cultivate excellent varieties which have more advantages and less disadvantages,thereby to improve the variety structure and product structure of litchi and improving industrial economic benefits.This study used six excellent hybrids-MS08,MS12,MS48,MS56,MS78 and MW09,which were selected from the MS group(that used extremely serotinous variety-‘Maguili’ as female parent and extremely precocious ‘Aborted-seeded-Sanyuehong’ as male parent)and the MW group(that used extremely serotinous variety-‘Maguili’ as female parent and Non-nuclear and high quality variety-‘Wuheli’as male parent)as the material.According to the “Technical Regulations for Tropical Crop Variety Test Part 3: Litchi”,and their parents were used as control varieties to carry out the variety comparison test,which is to investigate their phenological period,and observe their botanical traits,to see their excellent and specificity traits,and analyze their consistency and stability of the traits,and provide data information for the application for new variety rights.Secondly,to carry out the regional experiment which is used the extremely serotinous variety-‘Maguili’ and large fruit variety-‘Ziniangxi’ as control varieties,to evaluate the maturity,fruit quality,yield and adaptability of litchi hybrid elites more Systematically,provide a basis for applying for new variety approval and further production applications.The main results of this study are as follows: 1.In terms of phenological period,the last autumn shoots germination period of the six elites were basically the same as the female parent-‘Maguili’ in the same year in Guangzhou.The squring stage and the heading date of 5 MS elites were fall in between their parents,The squring stage and the heading period of MW09 and its father-‘Wuheli’ were almost the same.The florescence of 6 elites were basically the same as the female parent-‘Maguili’,and the florescence per plant is about 15～20 days.The first and the second physiological fruit-falling period were later than seed abortive ‘Aborted-seeded-Sanyuehong’ and ‘Wuheli’,which was basically the same as ‘Maguili’.Except that MW09 matured in Guangzhou in early July,the other five elite fruits all matured in Guangzhou in early and mid-July,which was close to ‘Maguili’,and belong to the extremely serotinous type.2.These six litchi hybrid elites has obvious heterosis in some traits,including fruit size,pulp thickness,pericarp thickness,soluble solids and so on.In addition,the length and width of the lobular of MS08 was larger than its parents,and the brown matter in the aril was less;the lenticels of MS12 was larger,the degree of cracking of the female stigma was deeper;MS48’s brown matter in the aril aril was less;the degree of cracking of the female stigma of MS56 was deeper;MS78 has stronger tree vigor and wider lobular;MW09 has wider lobular.3.Six excellent hybrids have consistency and stability.The traits test results showed that different individual plant of the same excellent hybrid’s performance was consistent in the quantitative traits,quality traits and false quality traits,no heterogenic plant found,and it means that the same elite’s traits was consistent.At the same time,also think that they have stability.4.Regional test results indicated that these six elites have strong growth vigor,early bearing and high yield,serotinous or extremely serotinous,bright pericarp color,large fruit size and thick flesh,and high soluble solid content.Among them,the fruit of MS12,MS48 and MS56 were extra large,and the fruit of MS48 was good in string.The fruit of MW09,MS08 and MS78 were large,the pericarps was thick and not easy to crack,and the flesh texture of MS78 was extremely crisp and slag.The comprehensive trait of 6 elites were better than control variety-‘Ziningxi’ and ‘Maguili’,their prospects for commercial cultivation in litchi serotinous area are promising.The above research shown that the six elites have specificity,consistency and stability,and the characteristics of serotinous or extremely serotinous,huge fruits and high quality and so on.At present,the protection of new varieties of these six litchi elites has been applied for,and the following variety certification has been laid a good work foundation for.