| Hibernation is an overwintering strategy for wild animals such as bears to cope with the severe cold climate.It relies on a long period of dormant sleep,during which no excretion and food intake are conducted,thus reducing metabolism and energy consumption,thereby ensuring the bears to survive the long winter.During the long-term natural evolution,northeastern black bear(Ursus thibetanus ussuricus)has formed the habit of hibernation.In order to explore the physiological and biochemical conditions of black bears in winter and study the physiological driving and supporting factors of hibernation,the authors conducted the black bear hibernation experiment from november 2020 to march 2021.By simulating the hibernation environment in the wild,5 black bear was put into hibernation state.The blood and feces samples before and after hibernation were collected by using anesthesia holding and filtering vessels.Blood samples and feces samples of black bears were tested in the experiment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and micro-assay were used to determine 36 physiological and biochemical indicators related to hibernation.The detected black bear sample is divided into group A(10 blood samples)and group B(20 fecal samples),and the SPSS software is used to describe data analysis,significance test,correlation inspection and other data analysis.By quantifying the differences and changes in the physiology and biochemistry of bears before and after hibernation,we analyzed the physiological adaptations of bears in winter and the important factors affecting hibernation.After testing and data analysis,a total of 16 indicators showed significant differences before and after hibernation,including Thyroxine(P=0.019 in group A;P= 0.025 in group B),Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone(P = 0.013 in group A;P= 0.017 in group B),Leptin(P =0.005 in group A;P = 0.028 in group B)and 12 other indicators were significantly higher after hibernation than before hibernation.High density lipoprotein cholesterol(P=0.039 in group A)and Total cholesterol(P=0.035 in group A)were significantly higher than before hibernation;Glucose(P=0.022 in group A)and Triglycerides(P=0.022 in group A;P=0.007 in group B)were significantly lower than before hibernation.There is also a significant correlation between the indicators of the significant differences and the indicators such as thyroxine and thyroxine release hormones(r= 0.635 in group A;r = 0.698 in group B).During hibernation,energy utilization is mainly changed from carbohydrates to lipids,and the following aspects are closely related to the changes in physiological and biochemical levels before and after hibernation: the reduction in body metabolism and body temperature,and the need for the body to quickly resume normal activities after awakening.Thyroxine and other substances play an irreplaceable role in regulating metabolism,promoting the rational use of energy,maintaining the energy balance in the body,and resisting the generation of adverse diseases.It runs through the whole hibernation process of black bears and is an important factor affecting the hibernation ecology.Studies on the hibernation physiology,biochemistry and hibernation factors of black bears are conducive to in-depth analysis of the physiological adaptation to hibernation and further reveal the special mechanism of black bears hibernation.Combined with habitat ecology research,it can provide reference for better protection of these species and their living environment. |
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