| In this study,the main biological characteristics of Actinidia arguta,such as phenology,characteristics of flowering and fruit,were studied using ‘Kuilv’ and ‘Fenglv’.The phenological period,growth dynamics of new shoots and fruits,and differences in fruit ripening period of A.arguta in Changchun were preliminarily determined after field investigation.The differences between the flower nodal characteristics,the pollen germination rate of male plant resources,the effective pollination period of female plant resources,and the fruit setting rate were investigated.The relationship between peel peelability and peel anatomy of A.arguta was studied by four germplasm resources including ‘Kuilv’ and ‘Ruilv’.The main results were as follows:1.The whole phenological period of the resources was that the sprouting time was from April 18 to April 21,the leaf expansion period was from April 28 to April 30,the shoot elongation period was from May 1 to May 3,the flowering period was from June 4 to June 13,the flowering period was 3-8 days,and the fruit ripening period was from August 27 to September 17.Taking flowering plant rate > 50 % as the criterion,the proportion of 3-year-old grafted trees of female germplasm resources entering the initial fruiting stage was 78 %.2.There were significant differences in germination rates of different positions of buds.The germination rates of apical bud,lateral bud and lower bud in horizontal plane were 77.98%,66.27% and 44.27%,respectively.The germination rate of horizontal plane was 64.82%,which was higher than that of upright growth plane(37.59%).There was no significant difference in the fruiting branch rate of different branches on horizontal frame,but the fruiting branch rate on horizontal frame was significantly higher than that on vertical frame.3.The growth dynamics of new shoots in different germplasm resources of A.arguta vary according to different germplasm and plant flower properties.The vegetative and fruiting branches of ‘Fenglv’ only have one growth peak period and one slow growth period in a year,and the growth dynamics showed a "厂" glyph curve.The growth dynamics of the fruiting branches of ‘Kuilv’ are similar to those of ‘Fenglv’,and their vegetative branches have a short secondary growth peak after the slow growth period;The growth dynamics of the male germplasm ‘Lvwang’ showed a typical double “S” shape curve,with two peak growth periods and two slow growth periods.The growth of different germplasms was quite different,and the growth of ‘Kuilv’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Fenglv’.The fruits of ‘Kuilv’ and‘Fenglv’ have a rapid growth period from the stage of final flowering in early June to mid-July,and then grow slowly until the ripening period,and the growth dynamics showed a "厂" glyph curve.The rapid growth period of new shoots is mostly or completely overlapped with that of flowers and fruits.There is a strong nutritional competition between vegetative and reproductive growth.4.The initial floral node of A.arguta was from the 2nd to 8th node,and concentrated on the 3rd to 5th node.The highest floral node was located in the 5th to 18 th node,and concentrated in the 8th to 10 th node.The number of nodes of single branch is 2-13,and most of them are 5-8.The female flower pollination window of A.arguta is short,and the pollination success rate begins to decline after the second day of flowering.The flowering period of three male plant resources can meet with the flowering period of most of the A.arguta germplasm,and there are significant differences in the pollen quantity and pollen germination rate of different male plant germplasm,and the pollen number and germination rate of ‘Lvwang’ are relatively high.5.Taking the TSS content in the fruit reaching 7% as the initial ripening stage,the fruit ripening period can be divided into three types: early ripening,middle ripening and late ripening.Early ripening stage was from August 27 to September 2,medium maturity stage was from September 2 to September 8,and late ripening stage was after September 8.The middle and late ripening resources account for 46.15% and 42.31% of the resources in this work,and early maturing resources account for only 11.54%.The fruit set rate of A.arguta was quilt high,the inter-germplasm variation was small,while the single fruit weight and yield per plant was significantly different.The TSS,total soluble sugars,titratable acids,and vitamin C varied significantly among germplasms.The peelability of different germplasms was large different,mainly reflected in the difference of anatomical structure.The peel of germplasms with more epidermal cell layers,dense cell arrangement and good consistency of epidermal thickness was easy to peel,while the peel was not easy to peel. |
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