Effect Of Dietary Soybean Oligosaccharide,Stachyose And Raffinose On Growth,Digestive Physiology And Glycolmetabolism Of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus Japonicus

In this study,the juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japoniccus was used as the research object,and the experimental formula was designed according to the contents of stachyose and raffinose in soybean oligosaccharides were about 30% and 10%,and the coated soybean oligosaccharides,stachyose and raffinose were added into the basal diet,respectively.Make each gradient levels of soybean oligosaccharides group feed water Sue or sugar content of raffinose stachyose and its corresponding gradient level equal to the content of raffinose group feed,to explore the growth of imitation trepang young,digestive physiology and metabolism of sugar,and through the principal component analysis,to explore raffinose and stachyose as the main ingredients of soybean oligosaccharides,Physiological function and association with soybean oligosaccharide.The experimental results can provide theoretical basis for the study of functional oligosaccharides on growth physiology and glucose metabolism of aquatic animals.Specific research results are as follows.Exp.1: Effect of dietary soybean oligosaccharide on growth,digestive physiology and glycolmetabolism of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicusSoybean oligosaccharide is a functional oligosaccharide,which is utilized by bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in the intestines,and plays an important role in the digestive physiology and antioxidant properties of the body.Juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus has high nutritional value.This study investigated the effects of dietarysoybean oligosaccharideon growth,digestive physiology and glycometabolismn of juvenile sea cucumber A.japonicus.Six experimental diets were formulated to contain with the graded levels of soybean oligosaccharide [0(C,control group),0.23%(D1),0.49%(D2),0.77%(D3),0.98%(D4)and 1.28%(D5)dry diets].Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks of sea cucumber juveniles with initial body weight(11.46±0.06)g for 67 days.The results showed that there were no differences on survival rate(SR)and ratio of intestine weight to body wall weight(IBR)among all groups.Both weight growth rate(WGR)and the specific growth rate(SGR)increased with increasing stachyose content until reaching peak levels at 0.49% dietary soybean oligosaccharide,but decreased thereafter.The WGR and SGR of D2 and D3 groups were significantly higher than C group.The WGR reached maximum value of 73.73% in the D2 group.There were no significant effects on moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash of body wall of Apostichopus japonicus.The activities of intestinal protease,lipase,amylase and superoxide dismutase were increased when dietary soybean oligosaccharide content increased from 0 to 0.77% and then decreased.The protease of D2 and D3 groups were significantly higher than other groups,meanwhile,the lipase and of amylase D2 group was significantly higher than other groups.The superoxide dismutase activity of D2,D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than the control group.The content of malondialdehyde was firstly decreased and then increased,and reached the lowest value in D2 group.There was no significant difference among the activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase.The height of intestinal folds in D1 and D2 groups was significantly longer than that in the control group.There were no significant difference in the ratio of intestine weight to body wall weight and the thickness of muscularis among all groups.With the increase of soybean oligosaccharide content,the activities of glucokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase increased,while the activities of fructosophosphate phosphokinase and pyruvate kinase increased first and then decreased.The glucokinase activitie of D5 group were significantly higher than the other groups.The fructosophosphate phosphokinase activitie of D2 group were significantly higher than the other groups,and reached maximum value in the D3 group.The pyruvate kinase activitie of D1,D2,D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than the control groups.The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinaseactivitie of D1 and D2 groups were significantly higher than the control group and significantly lower than D3,D4 and D5 group.The results showed that dietary soybean oligosaccharide improved the digestive physiology and antioxidant capacity of the body,and promoted the growth of the sea cucumber juvenile.With the weight gain rate as an evaluation indicator,quadratic regression analysis showed that the optimum dietary soybean oligosaccharide of sea cucumber juvenile was 0.586% diet.As a functional oligosaccharide,soybean oligosaccharide plays an important role in the digestion,metabolism and antioxidant of A.japonicus,and has deep research significance in the application of compound feed of A.japonicus.Exp.2: Effect of dietary stachyose on growth,digestive physiology and glycolmetabolism of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicusStachyose is a functional oligosaccharide,which is utilized by bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in the intestines,and plays an important role in the digestive physiology and antioxidant properties of the body.Juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus has high nutritional value and is an important breeding species in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea areas of China.This study investigated the effects of dietary stachyose on growth,digestive physiology and glycometabolismn of juvenile sea cucumber A.japonicus.Six experimental diets were formulated to contain with the graded levels of stachyose [0(C,control group),0.04%(D1),0.11%(D2),0.15%(D3),0.21%(D4)and 0.27%(D5)dry diets].Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks of sea cucumber juveniles with initial body weight(11.46±0.03)g for 67 days.The results showed that there were no differences on survival rate(SR)and ratio of intestine weight to body wall weight(IBR)among all groups.Both weight growth rate(WGR)and the specific growth rate(SGR)increased with increasing stachyose content until reaching peak levels at 0.15% dietary stachyose,but decreased thereafter.The WGR and SGR of D1,D2,D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than C group.The WGR reached maximum value of 90.88% in the D2 group.There were no significant effects on moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash of body wall of Apostichopus japonicus.The activities of intestinal protease,lipase and superoxide dismutase were increased when dietary stachyose content increased from 0 to 0.15% and then decreased.The protease of D2 and D3 groups were significantly higher than other groups,meanwhile,the lipase of D2 group was significantly higher than other groups.The superoxide dismutase activity of D2,D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than the control group.The content of malondialdehyde was firstly decreased and then increased,and reached the lowest value in D2 group.There was no significant difference among the activities of amylase,alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase.The height of intestinal folds in D2 and D3 groups was significantly longer than that in the control group,and inflammatory cell infiltration appeared in D5 group.There were no significant difference in the ratio of intestine weight to body wall weight and the thickness of muscularis among all groups.With the increase of stachyose content,the activities of glucokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase increased,while the activities of fructosophosphate phosphokinase and pyruvate kinase increased first and then decreased.The glucokinase activitie of D2,D3,D4 and D5 groups were significantly higher than the control group.The fructosophosphate phosphokinase activitie of D2,D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than the other groups,and reached maximum value in the D3 group..The pyruvate kinase activitie of D2 groups were significantly higher than the other groups.The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinaseactivitie of D1,D2,D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than the control group and significantly lower than D5 group.The results showed that dietary stachyose increased the glucose metabolism efficiency,improved the digestive physiology and antioxidant capacity of the body,and promoted the growth of the sea cucumber juvenile.With the weight gain rate as an evaluation indicator,quadratic regression analysis showed that the optimum dietary stachyose of sea cucumber juvenile was 0.129% diet.As a functional oligosaccharide,stachyose plays an important role in the digestion,metabolism and antioxidant of A.japonicus,and has deep research significance in the application of compound feed of A.japonicus.Exp.3: Effect of dietary raffinose on growth,digestive physiology and glycolmetabolism of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicusRaffinose is a functional oligosaccharide,which is utilized by bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in the intestines,and plays an important role in the digestive physiology and antioxidant properties of the body.Juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus has high nutritional value.This study investigated the effects of dietary raffinose on physiological indices and genes related to glycolmetabolism of juvenile sea cucumber A.japonicus.Six experimental diets were formulated to contain with the graded levels of raffinose [0(C,control group),0.02%(D1),0.03%(D2),0.06%(D3),0.08%(D4)and 0.11%(D5)dry diets].Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks of sea cucumber juveniles with initial body weight(11.46±0.06)g for 67 days.The results showed that there were no differences on survival rate(SR)and ratio of intestine weight to body wall weight(IBR)among all groups.Both weight growth rate(WGR)and the specific growth rate(SGR)increased with increasing raffinose content until reaching peak levels at 0.06% dietary raffinose,but decreased thereafter.The WGR and SGR of D1,D2,D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than C group.The WGR reached maximum value of 84.41% in the D3 group.There were no significant effects on moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash of body wall of Apostichopus japonicus.The activities of intestinal protease,lipase,amylase and superoxide dismutase were increased when dietary raffinose content increased from 0 to 0.06% and then decreased.The protease and the lipase of D3 groups were significantly higher than other groups,meanwhile,and the amylase of D4 group was significantly higher than other groups.The superoxide dismutase activity of D2,D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than the control group.The content of malondialdehyde was firstly decreased and then increased,and reached the lowest value in D3 group.The activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were decreased significantly.The height of intestinal folds in D2,D3 and D4 groups was significantly longer than that in the control group,and inflammatory cell infiltration appeared in D4 and D5 group.There were no significant difference in the ratio of intestine weight to body wall weight and the thickness of muscularis among all groups.With the increase of raffinose content,the activities of glucokinase,fructosophosphate phosphokinase and pyruvate kinase increased first and then decreased.while the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase increased first and then tend to be stable,The glucokinase activitie of D2 and D3 groups were significantly higher than C group.The fructosophosphate phosphokinase activitie of D1,D2 and D3 groups were significantly higher than the other groups,and reached maximum value in the D3 group..The pyruvate kinase activitie of D1,D2,D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than the other groups.The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinaseactivitie of D3,D4 and D5 groups were significantly higher than the other group.The results showed that dietary raffinose increased the glucose metabolism efficiency,improved the digestive physiology and antioxidant capacity of the body,and promoted the growth of the sea cucumber juvenile.With the weight gain rate as an evaluation indicator,quadratic regression analysis showed that the optimum dietary raffinose of sea cucumber juvenile was 0.063% diet.As a functional oligosaccharide,raffinose plays an important role in the digestion,metabolism and antioxidant of A.japonicus,and has deep research significance in the application of compound feed of A.japonicus.Exp.4: Principal component analysis of growth and physiological indexesSixteen groups(C,D1-D5,S1-S5,M1-M5)in the above three experiments were selected for digestion,metabolism,antioxidant and other physiological indexes and growth indexes.Principal component analysis and factor analysis were used to extract principal components,and the relationship between growth and physiological performance of A.japonicus in each group was analyzed.The results showed that lipase,Protease,h F and WG contributed the most to the first principal component of soybean oligosaccharide group,while PEPCK contributed the most to the second principal component.PK,WG,Protease,MDA and h F contributed the most to stachose group,and PEPCK contributed the most to stachose group.Protease,MDA and Lipase contributed the most to raffinose group,while PEPCK contributed the most to raffinose group.WG of soybean oligosaccharide group was clustered with h F.Compared with soybean oligosaccharide group,protease,Lipase and SOD of stachyose group were more strongly correlated with WG,while PK of raffinose group was more strongly correlated with WG.Studies have shown that soybean oligosaccharides have an important effect on the digestive performance of A.japonicus.Stachyose and raffinose,as the main functional components,play an important role in digestion,antioxidant and glucose metabolism,respectively.