| Ginseng has unique medicinal value and is widely used in medicine and health care.However,wild ginseng has slow growth and low yield,which is difficult to meet the current market demand.Garden ginseng cultivation occupies cultivated land,and the problem of pesticide residues is prominent.Therefore,through the study of nursery seedling raising methods such as seed germination,land preparation and shading treatment,combined with the study of cultivation conditions of understory garden ginseng,this paper analyzes the yield and quality of understory garden ginseng,and forms understory ginseng cultivation techniques,in order to provide technical support for the standardized promotion of understory garden ginseng.The results are as follows:The study on seed germination,ground preparation and bed preparation,plant row spacing and light management technology at seedling stage showed that the crack rates of variable temperature stratification and low temperature stratification were 98.4% and 10.2%respectively after 12 weeks of treatment;On the 14 th day of germination test,the germination rate of garden ginseng treated with variable temperature stratification and low temperature stratification reached 93.8% and 10.8% respectively,while the germination rate of seeds soaked in warm water in dry storage at room temperature was 0%.High bed was beneficial to the growth of seedlings.The root diameter,fresh weight and incidence rate were 0.54 cm,5.31 g and 6.02% respectively;The row spacing of planting plants in garden ginseng seedling raising is 3cm × 5cm is suitable,and the seedlings need shading treatment.The light transmittance is 50%,and its growth potential is strong.The seedling preservation rate,rhizome fresh weight and seedling yield are 92.93%,6.27 g and 3.88g/m2 respectively.Through the significance test,the effects of variable temperature stratification and low temperature stratification on the growth indexes of garden ginseng seedlings were significantly different,and the plant row spacing and shading transmittance had an interaction.The cultivation experiment of understory garden ginseng showed that the growth index was the highest when the slope was 22 °-25 °,the plant height was 54.12 cm,the rhizome diameter was 2.37 cm and the rhizome fresh weight was 31.04g;In the middle and lower part of the slope,the growth indexes were the highest,including plant height of 55.67 cm,rhizome diameter of 2.26 cm and rhizome fresh weight of 31.67g;When the slope direction is shady slope and half shady slope,its growth index is the highest,with plant height of 55.28 cm,rhizome diameter of 2.05cm and rhizome fresh weight of 30.41g;The thickness of soil layer is 51cm,the growth index is the highest,the plant height is 55.76cm,the diameter of rhizome is 1.87cm,and the fresh weight of rhizome is 30.41g;After significance test,except that the influence of soil layer thickness on rhizome diameter is not significant,the influence of other factors on the growth indexes of understory garden ginseng is significant.The plant height,rhizome diameter and rhizome fresh weight of pure larch forest with canopy density of 0.7and pure Korean pine forest with canopy density of 0.8 were the highest,which were 49.97cm,1.47cm,32.56g and 51.99cm,1.93cm and 33.34g respectively.After significance analysis,the growth indexes of the same tree species composition but different canopy density were significantly different except for rhizome diameter(P<0.05);When the canopy density of Korean pine,larch pure forest and coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest were 0.8,0.7 and 0.8respectively,there was no significant difference in plant height,rhizome diameter and rhizome fresh weight(P>0.05);Moreover,tree species composition interacts with canopy density.Transplanting management also had a significant impact on the growth of understory garden ginseng.The growth effect of understory garden ginseng was the best in autumn transplanting,soil covering thickness of 3cm-5cm,application of biological bacterial fertilizer,weeding for 3 times and spraying of high-efficiency and low residue pest control chemicals for 4 times.The plant height,rhizome diameter and rhizome fresh weight were 36.62cm,1.22cm and 11.21g respectively;36.37cm、1.19cm、10.96g;47.07cm、1.38cm、28.00g;54.8cm、1.69cm、29.11g;49.77cm、1.76cm、28.11g.The number of protected seedlings per mu in understory garden ginseng was significantly higher than that in the forest.There was a significant difference in the number of protected seedlings per mu at the same age except 2A;The root weight of understory garden ginseng was heavier than understory ginseng,and the difference increased significantly with the increase of age.The root weight of understory garden ginseng 5A and 6A was 64.88% and78.50% higher than that of understory ginseng10 a and 15 a,respectively.The total saponin content of understory garden ginseng increased year by year from 1a to 6a,and showed a large increase in 3a-5a,with the largest increase in 3a-4a.The contents of total saponins were2.46%,4.39% and 5.14% respectively,and the contents of total polysaccharides 5A > 6A >4A > 3A were 12.48%,18.86%,22.80% and 19.84% respectively.The content of total saponins 4a-6a of understory garden ginseng was significantly higher than that of understory ginseng at the same age,22.63%,4.47% and 35.91% respectively;The total polysaccharide content of understory garden ginseng 1a-6a was significantly higher than that of understory ginseng at the same age,43.75%,1.53%,9.76%,12.13%,17.71% and 10.71% respectively. |
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