| With the decrease of cultivated area and soil fertility in China,high-yield breeding of maize becomes the most important work in the next step.Plant type breeding is one of the important ways to achieve high yield of maize.Plant height,ear position,leaf length,leaf width and leaf Angle are important components of maize plant type structure,so it is of great significance to explore QTL for controlling maize leaf length,leaf width and plant height.In this study,two high-generation sister lines L1 and L2 from Xianyu 335 and Zheng 58 were used as parents to construct 2 population,and high density gene chip was used to locate the plant type.1.Comparing the data of L1 and L2 plant types,it was found that L1 and L2 had significant differences in leaf length,leaf width and leaf area(P<0.05),and there were extremely significant differences in plant height,ear height and leaf Angle(P<0.01).The differences of plant type related traits between L1 and L2 under 5 different densities were compared.The results showed that L1 and L2 had the largest differences in plant type traits under the density of 67,500 plants ·hm-2.2.The plant type traits of the F2 isolated population were normalized,and the results were in line with the normal distribution,and the correlation between the plant height,panicle position,leaf angle and leaf length,leaf width and leaf area of the F2 isolated population was analyzed,and it was found that the plant height and panicle position were significantly positively correlated(P<0.01),and there was no correlation with leaf width,and there was a significant positive correlation with leaf length and leaf area(P<0.05);the panicle position had a negative correlation with leaf length,leaf width and leaf area;the length,width and area between leaves had a significant positive correlation,and the correlation coefficient of adjacent leaves exceeded 0.79,which had a very significant positive correlation(P <0.01);Leaf angle was significantly positively correlated with leaf width,and significantly negatively correlated with leaf length and leaf area.3.Explore QTL controlling plant type traits using gene chip technology.In F2 population and F2:3 families,57 additive dominant QTLs were found for controlling plant type traits,and 18 QTLs for controlling leaf length were detected on chromosome 1,2,3 and 6,respectively.A single QTL could explain 0.02%-15.82% of phenotypic variation.A total of 18 QTLs were detected for leaf width control,which were located on chromosome 3,5 and 6, respectively.A single QTL could explain 2.66%-24.11% of the phenotypic variation.Eight QTLs were detected to control plant height,which were located on chromosome 2,6and 8,respectively.A single QTL could explain 5.99%-9.21% of the phenotypic variation.Two QTLs controlling spike height were detected on chromosome 1,which explained 7.91%and 9.95% of phenotypic variation,respectively.Eight QTLs controlling leaf Angle were detected,which were located on chromosome 3,5,6 and 7 respectively.A single QTL could explain 2.84% to 22.27% of the phenotypic variation.Three QTLs controlling leaf area were detected on chromosome 3,5 and 6,respectively,and a single QTL could explain 7.53% to11.81% of the phenotypic variation.A total of three main QTLs were detected,including q LUDEW-5-1,which controlled leaf width under ear,with 21.81% phenotypic contribution,q LEW 3-1,which controlled ear leaf width,with 24.11% phenotypic contribution,and q LA3-1,which controlled leaf Angle,with 22.27% phenotypic contribution.In addition,100 pairs of epistatic QTLs for controlling plant type traits were found in F2 population,among which the epistatic QTL8 pairs controlling leaf length were located on chromosomes 1,2,4,5 and 6,respectively,and each pair could explain 4.35%-19.88% of phenotypic variation.Epistatic QTL22 pairs controlling leaf width were detected on chromosomes 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8,respectively,and each pair could explain 5.78% to 13.56% of phenotypic variation.Epistatic QTL16 pairs controlling leaf area were detected on chromosomes 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,and 10,respectively,explaining 1.42% to 16.97% of phenotypic variation.Forty pairs of epistatic QTLs controlling plant height were detected,which were distributed on 10 pairs of chromosomes,and each pair could explain 1.97% to 2.84% of phenotypic variation.Two epistatic QTLs for panicle height were detected on chromosome 1,2,5 and 6,explaining13.75% and 10.20% of phenotypic variation,respectively.Eleven pairs of epistatic QTLs controlling leaf Angle were detected on chromosome 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 and 10,respectively,and each pair could explain 2.53% to 14.07% of phenotypic variation.4.According to the localization results,the genetic analysis of the leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,plant height,panicle height and leaf angle of maize was carried out,and it was found that the three-leaf leaf length,panicle leaf width and upper leaf area of maize panicle were mainly controlled by additive effect,and the average leaf length of the leaf length was mainly controlled by the superior effect. |
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