Effects Of Ginsenoside Rg1 On Growth Performance,Immune Function,Gut Barrier And Gut Flora In Yellow-Feathered Broiler

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 in diet on the growth performance,immune function,intestinal mucosal barrier and its flora in broilers.360 one-day-old rapidly-growing yellow-feathered healthy broilers were picked out and randomly assigned to all treat groups,6 replicates each treatment and 12 chickens per replicate.According to the level of ginsenoside Rg1 in diet,total of five treatments such as basal diet(CON group);300 mg/kg chlortetracycline(ATB group);100,200 and 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1(GS100,GS200 and GS300 groups)were designed in this trial.The whole experiment lasted for 51 days,1-28 days was the early period and 29-51 days was the late period.The results of this study show that:1)The average daily weight gain of broilers in GS300 group had increased significantly,and feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased in the later period compared with the control group.And the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the whole period were significantly improved(P < 0.05).2)Compared with CON group,except for the significant improvement in the leg muscle rate of broiler chickens in GS200 group(P<0.05),GS300 group significantly improved the full evisceration rate and thigh rate(P<0.05),significantly improved the 24 h water loss rate and tenderness(P<0.05);Meat color showed a linear correlation or trend with the added concentration of ginsenoside Rg1.There was no significant difference in slaughter performance and meat quality between other treatments(P> 0.05).3)The addition of 100,200,and 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 to the diet significantly increased the thymus index at the early period(P<0.05),and the addition of 100 and 200mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 to the diet significantly increased the bursal index at the early period(P<0.05),and the addition of 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 significantly reduced the late spleen index(P<0.05);compared with ATB group,the addition of ginsenoside Rg1 in the diet effectively increased the thymus index,spleen index and bursa index of broilers in the early stage(P<0.05);Compared with CON group,the GS300 group to the diet significantly increased the levels of Ig G,Ig M,Ig A in the serum and SIg A in the jejunum and colon(P<0.05),The increased amount of Rg1 supplemented in the diet resulted in the linear increase of Ig G,Ig M and Ig A in the chicken serum and SIg A in the chicken jejunal and colonic;The levels of serum complement C3 and C4 in all three treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the CON group,or even ATB group(P<0.01).At 29 day,Compared with the control group,GS300 group significantly increased serum levels of IL-1β,IL-2 and IL-10(P<0.05),significantly decreased the serum IL-6 and TNF-α content(P<0.05).4)The jejunal villus height of the birds in GS300 group were significantly higher than the CON group and ATB group.However,the crypt depth of all Rg1 supplementation groups was significantly lower than the CON group(P <0.05),but not significant when compared with ATB group.Finally,all Rg1 supplementation group showed higher VH/CD than the CON group,and the GS300 group showed the best effects on increasing VH/CD than all other Rg1 supplementation groups,and even ATB group.The jejunum tight junction protein ZO-1 m RNA expression of GS300 group was significantly higher than that in the CON group(P<0.05).5)Compared with the control group,the addition of ginsenoside Rg1 in the diet had no significant difference in the Alpha diversity of the caecal flora of yellow feather broilers;the top 3 dominant phyla of the 29-day-old cecal microorganisms in each group were Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,and Proteobacteria;the top 3 dominant phyla of the 52-day-old cecal microorganisms in each group were Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria.Among the 29-day-old cecal microbe ASV/OUT,1095 OUTs are common to all groups,while the CON group,ATB group,GS100 group,GS200 group and GS300 The group contained 6630,6121,6487,5553,and 5411 unique OUTs;Among the 52-day-old cecal microbial ASV/OUT,879 OUTs were common to all groups,while the CON group,ATB group,GS100 group,GS200 group and GS300 group contained 5372,4488,3518,5176,and 5285 unique OUTs,respectively.The 29-day-old cecal microorganisms in the GS300 group had dominant bacteria Dorea,GS200 group appeared dominant bacteria Chloroplast,Streptophyta,the CON group appeared dominant bacteria Clostridium;The 52-day-old dominant bacteria in the GS300 group cecal microbe is Sutterella,and the dominant bacteria in the GS200 group is still Chloroplast and Streptophyta.In conclusion,the addition of 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 to the diet of yellow feather broilers effectively promotes the growth performance of yellow feather broilers,improves their slaughter performance,immune function and intestinal barrier function,and helps to improve the cecum microbial composition.