| As a famous ornamental plant,flowering cherry has important ornamental value and economic value.With the abundance of oriental cultivars of flowering cherry and the small differences in traits among oriental cultivars of flowering cherry,some oriental cultivars of flowering cherry have identification errors,and the situation of different names or homonyms often occurs.In this study,41 oriental cultivars of flowering cherry were selected as experimental materials,12 quantitative traits and 30 qualitative traits were investigated,and diversity,correlation,clustering and principal component analysis were conducted.Fourteen pairs of SSR primers were used for genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis based on UPGMA method,and primers and genotyping were used to construct DNA fingerprints.The genetic diversity of oriental cultivars of flowering cherry was analyzed from phenotypic traits and SSR markers and DNA fingerprints were constructed in order to provide a reliable basis for the identification and breeding of oriental cultivars of flowering cherry in the future.The specific results are as follows:(1)Among the 12 quantitative traits,the coefficient of variation ranged from 9.35% to64.20%.The coefficient of variation of leaf shape index was the lowest,and the coefficient of variation of total pedicel length was the highest.There were 34 correlation coefficients at significant level(P < 0.05),27 of them at extremely significant level(P < 0.01),and the correlation coefficient between petal length and flower diameter was higher(0.863).The information index H and genetic diversity index D of 30 description traits varied from 0.00 to 1.41 and 0.00 to 0.71,respectively.The diversity of tree posture,calyx tube shape,petal number,petal shape and petal color was abundant.R-type cluster analysis divided the 42 phenotypic traits into three groups at the Euclidean distance of about 21,and each group had strong correlation.The 41 oriental cultivars of flowering cherry were divided into three groups by q-cluster analysis when the Euclidean distance was about 24.The first group could be used for breeding varieties with many petals,large flower diameter and rich colors.The second group can be used for breeding cultivars with drooping branches.The third group can be used for breeding single petals and early flowering varieties.Principal component analysis results show that the first six principal components accounted for76.43%,mainly reflect petal petal long,wide,flower diameter,flower,flower petal base form,leaf length,leaf width,each trait of the sequence number of flowers and plants trees appearance,combined with the samples based on the first two principal components value scatter plot as a result,you can select the properties to evaluate related;thus,the efficiency of cherry resource identification and evaluation can be improved.(2)A total of 176 alleles were detected from 14 pairs of SSR primers,with an average of 12.57 alleles per pair of primers and 6.02 effective alleles.The average observed heterozygosity was 0.31,the average expected heterozygosity was 0.81,Shannon’s information index was 1.99,and polymorphism information content was 0.77.A total of 201 genotypes were detected,with an average of 14.57 genotypes,and the average discrimination rate was 20.03%.When the genetic similarity coefficient of Dice was about0.19,it could be divided into 3 groups.Group A mainly consisted of cultivars of Prunus serrulata series and Prunus spachiana series,group B only had Prunus dielsiana,group C mainly consisted of cultivars of Prunus campanulata series.When the Dice genetic similarity coefficient was about 0.32,group A could be divided into 5 groups.There were some similarities and differences between SSR markers and phenotypic traits.The clustering results of SSR markers were clearer and more accurate than phenotypic traits.(3)SSR primer combination is the key to build DNA fingerprint.In this study,six optimal identification combinations were obtained by combining SSR primers with three primers.They are PPCT008 + BPPCT040 + pchcms1,BPPCT008 + CPSCT021 +pchcms1,BPPCT008 + CPSCT021 + UDP97-403,BPPCT008 + pchcms1 + UDP97-403,BPPCT040 + CPSCT021 + pchcms1,and BPPCT040 + CPSCT021 + UDP97-403。Taking primer combination BPPCT008 + CPSCT021 + UDP97-403 as an example,DNA fingerprints of 41 oriental cultivars of flowering cherry were constructed by using primer and genotyping method.This study can provide an important basis for cluster analysis,breeding and identification of oriental cultivars of flowering cherry. |
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