Analysis And Evaluation Of The Resources Of Amorphophallus Bulbifer

Amorphophallus bulbifer is a perennial herb in the genus Amorphophallus Blume of Araceae.It is named for the bulbils at its split leaves and branches.It is mainly distributed in southern Yunnan of China,northern Myanmar,Laos,northern Thailand and tropical rain forest areas in Indonesia.At the far end,the previous planting area and consumption of Amorphophallus bulbifer continued to increase,and the demand continued to expand.Domestic Amorphophallus bulbifer resources were limited.A large number of foreign Amorphophallus bulbifer varieties entered the country from Yunnan,resulting in variety of domestic resources is mixed,and most growers also plant blindly,which is not conducive to the protection of Amorphophallus bulbifer germplasm resources and the development of planting industry.In response to these problems,this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation and classification study on the Amorphophallus bulbifer.One is to sort out and preserve the resources of Amorphophallus bulbifer,which is the basis for innovative research on konjac germplasm.The second is to establish a comprehensive evaluation system through the study of botanical characteristics,quality analysis and processing characteristics under the background of large-scale planting of Amorphophallus bulbifer to provide references for germplasm resource research,agricultural production,etc.The main research results are as follows:(1)The first systematic field survey on the Amorphophallus bulbifer resources in the border areas of Yunnan,collecting more than 100 germplasm materials from Myanmar,Thailand,Indonesia,India and Yunnan,covering the known konjac production areas,of which 18 have flowered bulbous germplasm,The rest are annual bulbs and seed resources.In the Liming Farm of Mengzhe Town,Menghai County,Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,the Amorphophallus bulbifer Resource Nursery has been constructed and the collected materials have been planted uniformly.(2)According to the DUS test guide for new varieties of konjac,combined with the characteristics of the Amorphophallus bulbifer,after preliminary screening and consolidation,a total of 70 germplasm materials with different phenotypes were counted.A total of 27 traits were counted,including 4 quality traits(QL),9 quantitative traits(QN),and 15 false quality traits(PQ).The diversity index(H)for describing traits is between 0.000 and 2.433,with an average of 0.769,and(D)is between 0.000 and 0.791,with an average of 0.280;the coefficient of variation of quantitative traits is between17.17% and 89.85%,among which the number of bulbils The coefficient of variation of the number of bulbils on the leaves is the largest,,and the coefficient of variation of petiole height is the smallest.A classification study of 8 quantitative traits shows that there are a large number of positive correlations between quantitative traits.Principal component analysis shows that there are 3 eigenvalues greater than 1 principal component.The cumulative contribution rate is 72.378%;the Q-type clustering result divides 70 materials into five categories,and the classification results are consistent with the phenotypic changes.(3)The quality analysis of the bulb showed that the bulb’s water content of 45 materials was between 77% and 87%,the whole powder viscosity was between1100-18150 m Pa·s,and the average viscosity was 8488.89 m Pa·s.The whole powder of different Amorphophallus bulbifer materials for the difference in viscosity,the viscosity of the whole powder is directly proportional to the quality of the bulb;the whole powder KGM content is between 20.92% and 52.00%,and a certain quality of bulbs,the whole powder KGM content is proportional to the viscosity.The PPO activity of the fresh bulb samples of 45 materials was between 932.14 and 1290.56(ΔOD420/min/g),and the POD activity of the fresh bulb samples was between 13.18 and 64.35(△OD470/min/g),indicating different germplasm of Amorphophallus bulbifer.The enzyme activity of the materials is different in concentration,and the PPO activity and the POD activity are significantly negatively correlated,with a correlation coefficient of-0.757.By comparing with the cross-section color change process,and with higher PPO activity and lower POD activity,the cross-section color of the material changes quickly.The dried flakes are darker in color even black spots appear.(4)Using ISSR-PCR amplification technology for molecular markers,9 primers with high polymorphism and good stability were screened out.Using the biological analysis software NTSYSpc2.10 e to perform UPGMA cluster analysis on 60 germplasm materials,the genetic similarity was between 0.62 and 1.00,it is divided into 4categories at the similarity coefficient of 0.72,and the major categories are basically consistent with their morphological classification results.(5)Comprehensive indicators,the evaluation of Amorphophallus bulbifer should be based on the KGM content and viscosity.In 45 germplasm materials,the KGM content of A.bulbifer ‘No.37’ is 52%,the viscosity is 17000 m Pa·s,the KGM content of A.bulbifer ‘No.52’ is 48%,and the viscosity is 15750 m Pa·s.,A.bulbifer ‘No.53’ has a KGM content of 50% and a viscosity of 17400 m Pa·s.The KGM content and viscosity of these three materials are relatively high.Secondly,the number of bulbils on the leaf surface should be used as an important indicator for evaluation.Among the annual materials,A.bulbifer ‘No.27’(40 bulbils),A.bulbifer ‘No.34’(42 bulbils)and A.bulbifer ‘No.58’(37 bulbils),the number of bulbils on the leaf surface is obviously more.