Research On Electric Operation Machinery Of Maize Cultivation Based On Hole Fertilization And Spraying Function

As one of the three major food crops in China,corn has a large planting area in the Huang-Huai-Hai area.With the development of agricultural machinery and equipment,its sowing and harvesting have basically realized mechanization.However,intercropping management,including pesticide spraying and weeding,insecticidal at seedling stage and intercropping topdressing,has not been mechanized,especially for the small distribution of plots in the Huang-Huai-Hai area.In this paper,the development of intercropping fertilization and spraying management machinery of Summer Maize in Henan Province is deeply studied.According to the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy,a pure electric technology intercropping management machinery is designed,which involves two functions of hole fertilization and spraying.The vehicle can realize precision hole fertilization of four rows of corn plants and spraying of multiple rows of corn in the corn field with equal row spacing of 50 ～ 60 cm.The main contents include the following four aspects:(1)Mechanical structure design and research of operation vehicleThe mechanism design adopts the "M" type frame structure,mainly including the design of walking driving mechanism,the design of wheelbase adjustment mechanism,the overall structure design of frame,the design of hole fertilization single mechanism with adaptive ground and adjustable row spacing,the design of corn plant detection mechanism,spraying mechanism,etc.These functions form an organic whole,which can realize the functions of self-adaptive track walking in the corn field on the basis of identifying corn plants,and self-adaptive ground pricking and fertilization.(2)Design and research of electric control circuit of whole vehicleThe high clearance operation vehicle is driven and powered by lead-acid battery.The electric control design mainly includes the layout design of vehicle power supply and controller,the design of walking drive motor and control circuit,the design of frame track adjustment circuit,the design of hole fertilization unit lifting and fertilization amount circuit,the design of corn plant detection and identification circuit,etc.The control circuit is controlled by LCD touch panel,which can display the walking and performance parameters of the operation vehicle.(3)Simulation analysis of hole fertilization mechanismThe core component of the hole pricking and fertilization mechanism is the roller hole pricking device,and its forward rotation,reverse rotation and fertilization gear adjustment need to be simulated and analyzed.Aiming at the rationality of Precise Fertilization of disc hole pricking mechanism,this paper uses ADAMS virtual simulation software to simulate the motion process of fertilization mechanism,so as to obtain the motion parameter data under different speeds and gears.(4)Performance test of operation machineDue to the complexity of corn field operation conditions,according to the idea of reliability and durability,it is necessary to carry out the actual hole fertilization test on the overall performance of the operation machine.It mainly includes two experimental contents,namely,the experimental analysis of hole fertilizer application rate and adjustment control gear of fertilization monomer and the experimental analysis of the stability of total fertilizer discharge.The operation vehicle conducted the stability test of single fertilizer discharge of hole fertilization at different speeds.When the speed is slow,the fertilization variation coefficient of gear 1 is greater than 6,and in other cases,it is less than 6,which meets the mechanical standard of topdressing machine.