| To provide reference for scientific and rational fertilization of Jinggang honey pomelo,the production status and characteristics of farmers in the main producing areas of Jinggang honey pomelo in Jiangxi Province were investigated and analyzed.According to the survey,it is found that fruit farmers do not pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers,and the types of organic fertilizers applied are many and messy.Therefore,exploring the effects of different sources of organic fertilizers on the soil properties of Jinggang honey pomelo is beneficial to promote and standardize the application of organic fertilizers,and provide theoretical basis for scientifically guiding Jinggang honey pomelo growers to apply fertilizer and selecting the best organic fertilizer for the growth of Jinggang honey pomelo.This paper firstly investigates the production status and characteristics of farmers in the nine main producing counties（districts）of Jinggang honey pomelo by means of a questionnaire survey and field visits,and finds the limiting factors restricting the increase of Jinggang honey pomelo production.On this basis,in view of the existing problems,field trials were carried out in the honey pomelo test base of Jinggangshan Agricultural Science and Technology Park,with seven kinds of fertilization treatments:no fertilizer（CK）,single application of chemical fertilizer（CK0）,chicken manure（CM）,biological organic fertilizer（BOF）,rapeseed cake fertilizer（RCF）,biochar fertilizerl（BF）,microbial fertilizer（MF）.To investigate the effects of different sources of organic fertilizers on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of Jinggang honey pomelo.The following conclusions are drawn:（1）The main varieties of Jinggang honey pomelo planted in the survey area were Jinlan pomelo and Jinsha pomelo,with a low planting density of 521 plants·hm-2.The average yield of Jinggang honey pomelo was 20849 kg·hm-2,and there were significant differences among main producing areas.Fruit farmers applied animal manure（42.86%）and compound fertilizer（94.64%）more.The average application rates of N,P and K were313,262 and 246 kg·hm-2respectively.The proportion of N,P and K in total nutrient input was 64.36%,65.61%and 62.61%,respectively.There were great differences in fertilization and yield levels under the characteristics of different farmers.The yield of honey pomelo in Jinggang was generally low,the input of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer was low,the input of phosphorus fertilizer was high,and the input of organic fertilizer was insufficient.66%of fruit farmers applied organic fertilizer less than once,and there were 15 kinds of organic fertilizer.The ratio of high yield and high efficiency of N,P and K fertilizer was14.29%to 19.64%.The proportion of small farmers（<1.33 hm2）,middle-aged farmers（45～55 years old）,junior high school and below were 41.07%,47.32%and 67.86%,respectively.The characteristics of farmers are mainly small farmers,aging fruit farmers and low education level.（2）The application of organic materials from different sources can improve the physical properties of soil.Rapeseed cake fertilizer（RCF）treatment had the best effect on reducing soil bulk density,increasing total porosity and increasing maximum soil water holding capacity,with the values of 1.21g·cm-3,54.22%and 40.47%,respectively.There were no significant differences in soil bulk density,total porosity and maxium water holding capacity among different treatments（P<0.05）.Compared with CK,soil bulk density decreased by 0.28%～4.35%,total porosity increased by 0.25%～3.99%,and maximum soil water holding capacity increased by 2.04%～20.06%.（3）The application of organic materials from different sources had some differences in soil chemical properties,but the overall improvement effect was improved.BOF treatment had the best effect on increasing available N,available P,available K and total N in jinggang pomelo soil,with the values of 143.09 mg·kg-1,48.62 mg·kg-1,138.15 mg·kg-1and 1.66 g·kg-1,respectively.The increase rates of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,available K and total N were 19.84%～42.72%,13.51%～67.46%,11.58%～38.13%and9.82%～22.59%,respectively.Rapeseed cake fertilizer（RCF）treatment had the highest effect on increasing soil p H,organic matter,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium and cation exchange capacity of Jingang honey pomelo pomelo,with values of5.78,23.99g·kg-1,477.29mg·kg-1,130.87mg·kg-1and 18.53cmol（+）·kg-1,respectively.Compared with CK,soil p H,organic matter,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium and soil cation exchange capacity increased by 0.06～0.89 units,7.36%～112.87%,12.02%～57.33%,20.92%～58.47%,10.37%～30.16%,respectively.（4）Application of organic materials from different sources can improve the activity of soil enzymes in different degrees.Bioorganic fertilizer（BOF）treatment had the best effect on improving the activities of soil protease,urease,acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase in Jinggang honey pomelo,and their values were as follows:0.27 umol·g-1·d-1,0.47mg·g-1·d-1,6.78 mg·g-1·d-1,0.72 umol·g-1·d-1.The activities of soil protease,urease,acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase increased by 16.81%-86.55%,22.32%-60.41%,6.98%-32.20%and 9.42%-51.34%,respectively.Rapeseed cake fertilizer（RCF）had the best effect on improving the activities of sucrase and nitrite reductase in jinggang honey pomelo soil,and the values were 52.42 mg·g-1·d-1and 0.92 umol·g-1·d-1,respectively.Compared with CK,the activities of soil sucrase and nitrite reductase under different fertilization treatments increased by 16.66%-48.83%and 4.45%-77.95%,respectively.The effects of different sources of organic materials were different to some extent,but all of them could improve Jinggang honey pomelo soil acidification,improve soil fertility and increase soil enzyme activity.From the comprehensive effect of soil improvement and economic benefits,the effect of bio-organic fertilizer treatment on improving the soil quality of Jinggang pomelo orchard is relatively better. |
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