Effect Of Hawthorn,lotus Leaf,pu-erh Tea And Their Compound Tea On High-fat Diet Rats

Obesity is a common metabolic disease in pets today,which is mainly caused by excessive nutritional intake and insufficient energy consumption.Obesity is usually characterized by the increase of one or more levels of serum total cholesterol,triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein or the decrease of high density lipoprotein,as well as the increase of glucose and insulin levels which keep blood sugar stable.Breeders often ignore the harm that obesity brings to pets.Obesity is a major risk factor for pets suffering from non-communicable diseases,such as cardiovascular disease,type 2 diabetes,fatty liver,atherosclerosis and endometrial cancer.At present,the main methods for pet obesity are exercise,drug,and diet,but exercise weight loss takes up a lot of time and energy of breeders,drug weight loss has certain side effects,diet weight loss is easy to cause pets not to adapt,and so on.As a result,people began to study the use of functional diets to replace other ways to lose weight.In this study,Hawthorn and Lotus Leaves,which are homologous to medicine and food,traditional Pu-erh tea and their compound tea,were used to interfere with obese rats induced by high fat,and the effects of compound tea on weight loss,lipid lowering,antioxidation and anti-inflammation were discussed.In this experiment,36 healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups.The normal diet group was fed with common commercial feed.And set up 4 intervention groups: the High-Fat-Diet group was fed with ordinary high-fat diet.The Hawthorn group was fed with a high-fat diet containing 2.5% Hawthorn powder.The Lotus Leaf group was fed with high-fat diet containing 1.0% lotus leaf powder.The Pu-her group was fed with high-fat diet containing 2.5% raw Pu-erh powder.And the compound tea group was fed with a high-fat diet containing 2.5% Hawthorn powder,1% lotus leaf powder and 2.5%raw Pu-erh powder.The main experiments and results are as follows:1.Effects of compound tea on body weight and food intake of rats in high-fat diet ratRats were fed adaptively for 4 weeks,body weight and food intake were recorded weekly.Calculated the Obesity and Lee’s index.The results showed that the obesity degree of rats has reached 20.56% and the Lee’s index of the model group was higher than that of the four intervention groups.That is,the obesity model was successfully established.Combined with the statistics of feed intake,compared with the model group,the compound group ate the most food and had the best effect of weight loss.2.Effects of compound tea on blood glucose homeostasis and energy balance in high-fat diet ratIn week 8,the rats in each group were tested for oral glucose tolerance,and blood samples were collected from the tail at 0,30,60 and 120 min to measure the concentration of blood glucose.The results showed that the lowest starting blood glucose concentration control group.After 30 min,the average blood glucose concentration of the model group reached 10 mmol/L.After 60 min,the concentration of blood glucose in all groups showed a downward trend.After 120 min,the blood glucose concentration of the compound tea group was the lowest than that of the 4 intervention groups.In week 13,serum insulin(INS)and leptin(LEP)were measured by ELISA in each group of rats.The results showed that the levels of INS and LEP in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group.The values of INS and LEP in the compound tea group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P < 0.01).3.Effect of Compound Tea on serum biochemical indicators,liver function,antioxidation and antiinflammation in high-fat diet ratIn week 8 and week 13,blood samples were collected from orbital vein and serum was collected.Biochemical tests of Total Cholesterol(TC),Triglyceride(TG),Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol(LDL-C),High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol(HDL-C),Glucose(GLU)and Fructosamine(FUN)were carried out.The results showed that compared with the control group,the serum levels of TC,TG,LDLC,FUN and GLU in the model group increased significantly,while the level of HDL-C decreased significantly(P < 0.01).The results showed that hyperlipidemia appeared in the model group in week 8.In week 13,the value of HDL-C in the compound group was significantly higher than that in the model group(P < 0.01).Compared with the model group,the TG,TC,GLU,LDL-C and FUN value of the compound tea group decreased very significantly(P < 0.01).The AI value of the model group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.01).The AI value of the compound group was significantly lower than that of the model group(P < 0.01).The CRF values of each group had the same trend as AI values.Measured the serum of Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP)in week 8 and week 13.Calculated the ratio of transaminase(DRR).In week 8,the results showed that,the values of AST,ALT and ALP in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01),and the ratio of DRR was the highest.In week 13,the trend of each index in the model group compared to the control group was consistent with week 8.All the indexes in the compound group were significantly lower than those in the model group,and the DRR value of the compound group was the lowest among the 4 intervention groups.In week 13,measured the serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),interleukin-6(IL-6),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Compared with the control group,the level of SOD in the model group decreased significantly(P <0.01),while the levels of MDA,IL-6,MCP-1,LBP and TNF-α increased significantly(P< 0.01).Compared with the model group,the level of SOD in the compound group increased significantly(P < 0.01),while the levels of MDA,IL-6,MCP-1,LBP and TNF-α decreased significantly(P < 0.01).6.Effects of compound tea on tissue weight and morphological changes in high-fat diet ratsInt week 13,the rats were killed under ether anesthesia,and the aorta,colon,heart,liver,spleen,kidney,epididymal fat and perirenal fat were immediately removed,weighed and calculated the Liver Coefficient(LC)and Body Fat Ratio(BFR).The above tissues were taken to prepare tissue sections: hematoxylin-eosin staining(H&E)of the colon,aorta,epididymal fat and perirenal fat,the liver was stained with H&E and Oil Red O.Observed the tissue sections under the microscope.The results showed that the weights of heart,liver,spleen,kidney and fat in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01).The values of LC and RFR in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group.The LC and BFR values of the compound group was significantly lower than those of the model group(P < 0.01).In the model group,liver was obvious inflammatory infiltration and lipid accumulation;the volume and number of epididymal fat and perirenal adipocytes increased;the colonic fossa was obviously shallower and inflammatory cells were distributed in the mucous layer;the intima of aorta is obviously thickened and the surface is uneven.The 4 treatment groups improved the pathological changes of above tissue in different degrees,and the intervention effect of compound tea was the best.To sum up,under the long-term high-fat diet,the compound tea of Hawthorn,lotus leaf and Pu’er tea can effectively inhibit the weight growth of obese rats,reduce blood lipids,prevent liver function damage,antioxidant stress and inflammation,and improve visceral lipid accumulation and pathological changes.