Efficiency Composting Of Lentinus Edodes Residue And Study Of Its Application To Culture Substrate

The large-scale development of Lentinus edodes industry has produced a huge number of Lentinus edodes residue,which needs harmless and resource treatment.At the same time,with the further expansion of the scale of flower industry,there is a huge gap in the soilless cultivation matrix of flowers.Based on this,this study intends to apply the resource utilization of Lentinus edodes residue to the soilless cultivation substrate of flowers.Lentinus edodes residue is prone to mildew in the process of direct utilization,which has a toxic effect on plant growth.Composting is a clean and cheap agricultural waste treatment method and is widely used.However,the actual composting effect of Lentinus edodes residue as the main raw material is not clear,and the factors affecting the composting effect of Lentinus edodes residue are not clear.Therefore,in this study,Lentinus edodes residue was used as the main composting raw material,chicken manure as the nitrogen source,garden waste and rice husk as the organic bulking agent,and ceramsite as the inorganic bulking agent.At the same time,ultra-high temperature pretreatment was used to study the effects of different measures on the physicochemical properties and humification of Lentinus edodes residue compost,and the dynamic changes of dissolved organic matter（DOM）were preliminarily analyzed by full wavelength（UV-Vis）,Fourier infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）and 2D-COS technology.The results explored the limiting factors of Lentinus edodes residue composting,optimized the control factors in the composting process,shortened the composting period,and improved the quality of composting products.Then,the Lentinus edodes residue compost product was used to replace the peat in different proportions for the soilless cultivation of Zinnia,and the main factors affecting the growth of Zinnia were explored by measuring the physical and chemical properties of the substrate in different proportions,the emergence of Zinnia and the morphological indexes after growing.The growth status of Zinnia was evaluated according to the comprehensive evaluation system of plant morphological indexes,and finally the optimal proportion of the Lentinus edodes residue compost product to replace the peat for the cultivation of Zinnia was determined.The main results and conclusions are as follows:1)Lentinus edodes residue initially reached 159.11g··kg^-1,which higher than other biomass.However,due to the high C/N and low p H,the heap temperature could not more than 50℃.At the end of composting,both p H and C/N did not meet the maturity standard.2)The co-composting of Lentinus edodes residue and chicken manure could significantly increase the temperature of the heap,and the humification degree of compost products was enhanced,but the composting process was delayed due to slow heating.The composting of Lentinus edodes residue and chicken manure resulted in a decrease in initial p H of composting,and the composting heating period lasted for 9days.During the whole composting period,the degradation efficiency of fulvic acid was enhanced,and HR,HI,PHA and DP increased by 3.93%,5.72%,1.71%and 6.60%,respectively.3)The heating period of Lentinus edodes residue-chicken manure compost was shortened by 2 days after adding garden waste,and the GI,TOC,TN,HS and HA of composting were increased by 30.2%,8.80%,15.0%,10.62%and 34.52%,respectively.HR,HI,PHA and DP increased by 1.66%,23.66%,21.64%and 39.82%,respectively.DOM SUVA₂₅₄ and SUVA₂₈₀ also increased by 6.39%and 4.39%,respectively.The addition of garden wastes promoted the degradation of amino acids,polysaccharides,carboxyl groups and phenols,and the preferential utilization of carboxyl groups and polysaccharides might be the internal reason for the increase of humification.4)The addition of ceramsite could accelerate the temperature rise,reduce the nitrogen loss,accelerate the degradation of organic matter and improve the humification degree of Lentinus edodes residue-chicken manure composting,while the ultra-high temperature pretreatment had no significant improvement on the combined composting process of Lentinus edodes residue-chicken manure.After the addition of ceramsite,the high temperature period of the reactor was advanced 6 days,the composting time was shortened to 28 days,the cumulative ammonia emissions were reduced by 25.07%,TOC content was reduced by 6.61%,HS and HA contents were increased by 3.54%and 16.1%,HR,HI,PHA and DP were increased by 10.9%and30.4%,respectively.17.7%and 22.3%,SUVA₂₅₄ and SUVA₂₈₀ increased 10.64%and13.02%respectively.The addition of ceramsite may promote the degradation of polysugars and carboxyl compounds during the heating and high temperature phases,and the degradation of polyphenols and amino acids during the cooling phase,thus enhancing the directional transformation of humic precursor to HA.5)The replacement of peat with Lentinus edodes residue compost could significantly increase the bulk density,p H,EC value and nutrient content of the substrate,but reduce the aeration porosity of the substrate,and 80%～100%replacement could lead to a low air-water ratio.The compost replacement with 20%～80%Lentinus edodes residue increased the comprehensive evaluation index of the Zinnia,and the comprehensive evaluation index was the highest when the compost replacement with40%Lentinus edodes residue.The available potassium,aerated porosity,total porosity and bulk density were the main factors affecting the growth of Zinnia.The composting of Lentinus edodes residue partially replaced peat,which could provide nutrient support for Zinnia,regulate the aerated porosity of substrate,increase the bulk density of substrate,and then help to improve the growth of Zinnia.In conclusion,Lentinus edodes residue has the potential to produce high humic acid organic fertilizer,but the compost of Lentinus edodes residue alone cannot meet the standard of harmless.The composting of Lentinus edodes residue and chicken manure has a slow heating rate.The addition of organic and inorganic bulking agent could accelerate the temperature rise of Lentinus edodes-chicken manure composting and improve the humification degree of composting,but the ultra-high temperature pretreatment had no significant improvemen.Lentinus edodes residue compost products replacing 20%～80%peat can improve the planting effect of Zinnia,and the cultivation effect is the best when the replacement amount is 40%.