| Wheat stripe rust is one of the most crucial diseases in wheat production.In epidemic years,the disease can cause serious yield reduction of wheat and pose a major threat to food security.The Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)spores are favorable in cooling weather condition.Pst can be spread remotely by the long-distance air trajectory,causing widespread damage.Based on the GDAS(Global Data Assimilation System)meteorological data from 2010 to 2019,we used the HYSPLIT-4(Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajector-4)meteorological model and Meteo Info Map software to assess the prevalence of wheat stripe rust in China.This study clarified the range,average trajectory frequency(ATF)and migration routes of Pst in different regions and different periods of long-distance transmission with air trajectory.The purpose of this study is to lay a theoretical foundation for the monitoring and prediction of wheat stripe rust and formulate control strategies.The main results of this research include:1.The oversummering Pst spores may eventually arrive in the Sichuan Basin,center of Shaanxi,Nanyang in Henan,Xiangyang in Hubei and other places to overwinter based on the air trajectory.At 1000-3000 m above ground level(AGL),the autumn air trajectories start from Tianshui in Longnan,spread south through Guangyuan and arrive in Mianyang in the Sichuan Basin(ATF = 10-12%),and reach eastwards to Pingliang in Gansu(ATF = 20-23%).The autumn air trajectories from Pingliang in Longdong spread southwards through Baoji and Hanzhong to Mianyang(ATF = 5-6%)at 1000-3000 m(AGL).The air trajectories from Pingliang can also spread eastward through Qingyang in Gansu and central Shaanxi to Nanyang in Henan and Xiangyang in Hubei.The air trajectories can arrive in the center of Shaanxi with the ATF of 11-17%,and can spread directly to Nanyang and Xiangyang with the ATF of 2-3%.2.After reproducing in the Sichuan Basin in winter,Pst spores can arrive in center of Shaanxi and can also spread to the southwest epidemic area according to air trajectory.The air trajectories in the Sichuan Basin were mainly circulated inside the basin,and the air trajectories at the height of 100-1000 m(AGL)in spring can arrive in center of Shaanxi via Hanzhong and Baoji in the north,and arrive in the junction of Sichuan,Guizhou and Yunnan in the south.The air trajectories spread north to arrive in Hanzhong(ATF = 10-13%),Baoji(ATF = 7%)and finally arrived at Xianyang area(ATF = 4-6%).The air trajectories spread south to arrive in the border area of the three southwestern provinces(ATF = 3-5%).3.The Pst spores in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau can arrive in the Sichuan Basin with the air trajectory.Both autumn and spring air trajectories from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau can enter Sichuan Basin,and a proportion of air trajectories arrive in Hubei and Henan.At 1000-3000 m AGL,the air trajectories in Kunming and Dali of Yunnan,Bijie and Liupanshui of Guizhou can arrive in the southern part of Sichuan Basin(ATF ≥ 20%),and can also arrive in Hubei,Henan in the low frequency(ATF = 2-3%).4.The air trajectory may bring Pst spores from epidemic areas in Tibet to the Sichuan Basin,causing communicate with Pst from inland epidemic areas.The air trajectories form Linzhi of Tibet mainly spread to the mountainous areas in the northwest of Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin,and the air trajectories of 3000-5000 m(AGL)arrive in the Sichuan Basin(ATF = 16%).A portion of air trajectories arrive in southern Qinghai and southern Gansu(ATF= 1-2%).5.Pst in Xinjiang may spread to the inland through the high air trajectory in spring.The high air trajectory of 3000-5000 m(AGL)in Akesu and Yili were circulated inside Xinjiang in spring.This air trajectory can cover the main wheat producing areas in China,such as Henan,Anhui and Shandong.The air trajectories of Akesu in spring arrive in Xining and Haidong areas in Qinghai(ATF = 10-12%),Longdong area in Gansu(ATF = 7-9%),and northern Henan(ATF = 5-7%).The air trajectory from Yili in spring reaches the above areas(ATF < 5%). |
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