| Bupleuri Radix is a perennial herb,and it is one of the bulk medicinal materials in China.It is pungent and bitter in taste,slightly cold in nature,and belongs to the lungs,liver,and gallbladder meridians.It has the effects of dispersing fever,soothing the liver,relieving depression,invigorating yang,and invigorating qi.Bupleuri Radix has complex chemical components,mainly including triterpenoid saponins,volatile oil,polysaccharides,flavonoids,sterols,coumarins,trace elements,and other chemical components.Modern pharmacological research and clinical application show that the active components of Bupleuri Radix have antipyretic,hepatoprotective,antiviral,anti-tumor,antioxidant,antidepressant,enzyme secretion promoting,immune regulation,and other effects.Now it has been widely used in the clinical formulas and Chinese patent medicine production.With the continuous exploration of the medicinal value of Bupleuri Radix,its demand is increasing year by year,and wild Bupleuri Radix resources are constantly lacking.Agricultural planting resources have become the main source of medicinal Bupleuri Radix.However,the variety of artificially cultivated Bupleuri Radix seeds is mixed,which seriously leads to the continuous decline of the yield and quality of Bupleuri Radix and affects the sustainable development and utilization of Bupleuri Radix medicinal resources.Therefore,it is particularly important to breed excellent Bupleuri Radix strains with stable genetic traits,good quality,high yield,and strong resistance.At present,traditional breeding techniques are widely used to breed new Bupleuri Radix varieties at home and abroad,but the breeding process is slow and few mutant strains are produced.However,new breeding methods,such as spaceflight mutation breeding of Bupleuri Radix,have not been reported.Compared with traditional breeding methods,it can produce a large number of mutant materials in a short time and can breed new Bupleuri Radix varieties with high quality according to breeding objectives.In this experiment,74 space mutation Bupleuri Radix strains of SP 2 generation were used as experimental materials,and the control Bupleuri Radix was used as the control group.The agronomic characters of aerial parts,morphological indexes of underground parts,and the content of saponins were investigated and determined,and the differences of characters between space mutation Bupleuri Radix and control Bupleuri Radix were discussed.Through correlation,principal component,and cluster analysis of phenotypic characteristics and internal content of both,excellent strains with high yield and high content were selected,and the quality of the selected excellent strains was evaluated.The main results are as follows:(1)The growth and change law of each index in the seedling stage generally showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.In the early stage of transplanting,the indexes of mutant Bupleuri Radix were significantly better than those of control Bupleuri Radix,and only a few mutant Bupleuri Radix strains were better than those of control Bupleuri Radix in the later stage.The growth and change law of each index of stem leaves of Bupleuri Radix showed a downward trend.The growth and change law of each index in the stem of Bupleuri Radix is on the rise.The aerial part of Bupleuri Radix entered the mature stage earlier.(2)The morphological variation effects of aerial parts caused by different mutagenesis times are similar,and there are short-leaf,long-leaf,vigorous,dwarf,convergent,and scattered strains.The varying degree of each character is different,and the variation coefficient ranges from 20.63 % to 29.82 %.The effect of root morphological variation caused by different mutation times is similar,which is reflected in size,fibrous root,and color.The varying degree of each character is different,and the variation coefficient ranges from 16.86 % to 45.08 %.After mutation,the prevalence of root rot of Bupleuri Radix was46.67 %.(3)There is a significant difference in the content of active ingredients in roots.The variation coefficient of the sum of saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d is 52.07 %～55.89 %,which is much larger than the variation coefficient of agronomic characters of the above-ground part and morphological indexes of the underground part.The mutagenic effect of space mutagenesis on saponin content showed bidirectional variation,with 70.83 % of the mutagenized strains being higher than the control strain,and 29.17 % of the mutagenized strains being lower than the control strain.The content of saponins was detected by pharmacopeia standard,and 8.33 % of strains did not meet the requirements of pharmacopeia.(4)According to the results of correlation,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis,combined with the root rot,eight space-induced Bupleuri Radix strains CZ 58,CZ65,CZ 90,SZ 35,SZ 37,CZ 26,CZ 64,and CZ 88 were selected as excellent strains for the next breeding work;(5)The quality of each excellent line of Bupleuri Radix induced by spaceflight was tested.The extracted content,ash content,and acid-insoluble ash content of each line all met the requirements of Pharmacopoeia.The fingerprints of excellent strains of Bupleuri Radix induced by spaceflight were constructed,and the similarities among them were high,but there was no significant difference in fingerprints within species.There are significant differences in the types and contents of volatile oil between excellent Bupleuri Radix strains and control strains.The contents of acids,esters,and olefins in mutant Bupleuri Radix were significantly higher than those in the control group,and ketones were significantly lower than those in the control group.There are hexadecanoic acid,methyl linoleate,methyl hexadecyl acetate,and squalene.After a comprehensive evaluation of space mutation Bupleuri Radix,it was found that the mutation Bupleuri Radix in SP 2 generation showed many significant variations in many aspects,such as agronomic traits of aboveground parts,morphological indexes of underground parts,disease resistance,saikosaponin content,volatile oil content and so on. |
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